f?  ■ 


.Q.2._6_ib  0 

Job  NLimb««r 


-MEL. 


THE  LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS 
PHOTODUPLICATION  SERVICE 

WASHINGTON    25,    D.  C. 


CD 

en 

cs 

<c 

in 


Namf 

|^C.I.H.M^_ 

Address 

P.O.    BOX   2428   STATION   D 

OTTAWA._DNTARIO            7.nKlP   5W5 

Attn: 

^CANA0^ 
Al'lN :  lTOSThARBOUR 

Date  ol  Fiequast 

_3jLq_ao 

Cualomar'a  Order  No. 

PS-      391-B 

Depoal^ 


/ 


MuXJ 


Pick  Up 


n 


/ 


Oflice 

JFK/WAJ 


Reference 


.X^^ 


Laboratory 


Acct'g 


RETURN   TO   JFK   FOR   BILLING 


I I  ElactToatotlc  Poaltlve  Print*  I 1  Photostat 

I I  Photograph | |  Ejilorqement  Print 


S^  ne\ 


y     Lj  MlcroiUm 

MFC 


CANADIANA  PER  ATTACHED  REQUEST  FORM  -  SERVICE  NEEDED 

a.  PREPARATION  FO  BIBLIOGRAPHIC  AND  TECHNICAL  NOTES 

b.  HEADER  EXPOSURE (S) 

c.  FILMING  TARGETS  AND  TEXT:       REGULAR EXP. 

RARE  MATERIAL     EXP. 


.^J2UMM. 


@  $4.00 
@  $2.00 
@  .20 

@       .2a 

EJcp.     ^     S 


Negative 


I I    PoBltl> 


MINIMUM  CAHERGE  FOR  FILMING:  1ST  F I  CHE 

EACH  ADDITIONAL 
FICHE 


$10.00 

$    7.00 
Exp.     «     $ 


yy^wx/i-iC-- 


/     / 


:SM2A 


-^ 


e  yp 


Exp.     %     % 


Special  Inatructlona: 

■  105  rm  STEP-AND  -REPEAT  ZmiRk 
2-B  POSITION. 

SEE  C.  COHEN  FOR  INSTRUCTIONS 
FOR  FILMING  TARGETS. 

OR 
35mm  POSITIVE  IF  L.C.  HAS 
REPLACED  BOOK  WITH  MFM. . 


Spool  a  ond  boxea 
lor  mlcToillm 


.P    $- 


Packoglng  ond 
mailing 

Poatol  reglatry. 


TOTAL  COST. 


THE  LIBHAnV  OF  CONGRESS 
PHOTODurLICATION  SERVICE 

WASHINGTON.  D.C  30640 


OrnCIAL  BUSINESS 


Name     ^'^-H-M. 


Address 


P.O.  BOX     2428  STATION  D 
OTTAWA,    ONTARIO  KiP   bWb 


City  and  Stau 


CANADA 


LOUISE   HARBOUR 
Order   Mo.  /  ittn:- 


i^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


U^|2^    12.5 
1^  1^    112.2 

^  US.  ilM 


6" 


1.8 


1-25  IIIIII.4   ill  1.6 


^f 


<^ 


/2 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MS80 

(714)  872-4503 


CEHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


vV 


■  -.■^■,ii»)|.i_L,,y,^^jiii.^.iM..ii;i|ii,  1^  L'iiLasMPMib'4-'^g'-i,WiA^;g..V-'.'!V!'-J?J^'-;g'e-*H^^ 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibllographicaliy  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  Images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checlced  below. 


L'Instltut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'll  lui  a  M  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographlque,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  Image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  cl-dessous. 


D 
D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagie 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pelllcul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gAographlques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blacid/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I — I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 
D 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
11  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparalssent  dans  le  texte. 
mals,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  At*  film^es. 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul6es 

□    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tachet6es  ou  piqu6es 

□   Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtach^es 

□    Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in6gale  de  I'impresslon 

I — I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 


D 


Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film^es  d  nouveau  de  fagon  d 
obtenir  la  mellleure  image  possible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires; 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  U\m6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


28X 


32X 


lils 

iu 

difier 

ine 

lage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  qualify 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — •►  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  Illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grfice  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  sulvantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  filmi,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  Imprimie  sont  film6s  en  commen9ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  termlnant  solt  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
orijinaux  sont  film6s  en  commenqant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  teile 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniftre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE' ,  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmis  A  des  taux  de  r6duction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  §tre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film*  d  partir 
de  I'angle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


rata 
o 


>elure. 


□ 


32X 


i: 

2 

3 

1  2  3 

456 


\''- 


OCT  191897 


Old  Saratoga 


AND  THE 


Borgoyoe  (.i^m^Hv- 


S  Sfief  $ket<fh  of  tt»e  ^kiXy  fti^tofy  of  t}\e 
^kT[\oa^  Sui^tin^    0i'ound0    ht\d     tl^e 

I'endei'  of  tlje   l^riti^h  SiHi\y,    kt 

0Wkto^,     Odtobei'    iT,    lYTT, 

vvitl^    dondijie    f)e^dription0 

of   the    Prii^ifipU    ?lk<ie^ 

donnedted     Witl\    tl\e 

.^tti^eiidei'. 


BV 


WILLIAM  S.  08TRANDER. 

aCHUYLERVILLB,  N.   Y-: 
1897. 


's:' 


.     ■  ■■   .  .  !■  ■. .  ■>  4   >  ^  \'ci, 


Wf*"*?'!? 


Old  Saratoga 

AND  TME 

Burgoyne  Campaign. 


K-^l 


H' 


■  : 


Ir     4, 


y  "^  jr  i  <;,   ■',     ,^ 
S  >>  •«  'Vii  V  • '  •- 


?\  -rii'lcf  ^kc\d\  of  tljc  i^^hi'ly  'ft-it^toi'v  of  tlic 

i'ainotiti    ftiuitirif*     ('(i'oiii)tl!4    .-ii|d     tI|o 

CaiUpaij,*!)  wliic'li  [{iiilctl  ir^  tl|c  >^in'- 

i'ci)dci'  of  tl)e    -iVitif*!!  •Ai'my,    ht 

>^rii';ito(*h,      Oiftohei'    IT,     iTTT, 

\vitl|     Ooiicifie     1)e^Ci'iftioi|)4 

of    tl|c     iViritMphl     VlhccK 

Coiinodtod      Witli     tl|c 

Stirtcridci'. 


BY 


WILLIAM  S. 'OSTRANDER. 


SCIHYLKRVILLE,    N.    Y.:'. 

1897. 


*x-. 


^-^^'l''^    '^      ^^ 


TWO  COPIES  RECEIVED 


liiitercd  iict-nnliiin  Ut  Act  ol  CoiiKrcsM,  in  tlic  year 
1M>7.  by  \V.  S.  OsTKANiiHK,  ii\  till  iiHiiTiif  tilt-  l.ilirarian 
of  ConnrcnH,  at    WashinKton. 


<^ 


O) 


75^ 


O 


% 


\i> 


Saratoga. 


."onKrcsM,    ill     tilt    yiiir 
ortii'f  nl'  tlu-   I.ilii  irian 


I 


"Oiif  lit"    till'    iVw  linmiirlal    ikiiiu's    tlmt     win-    not    horn 
to  die." 

THIS  is  not  to  li iiifdiiinli'il  with  tin'  l<'iii 
wutcfiliii  place,  wliii'li  laUis  it-  iimmic  fii>in  llirol'l 
Idciility.  several  mite'^  I'eiiiiiveil  from  il<  iiiedieiiial 
waters.  <li:irliiiii;;-  iileasiire  resorts  ami  li'^'v  soeiely. 

The  old  Imliaii  liiiiiteis'  paiMilise  1,'iy  aloiiu'  the 
Hudson  rivei-.  for  a  ilistaiici'  of  iweiily  or  iliirly 
miles  iiortiierly  fiom  wlial  is  now  .Meeliaiiieville. 
with  wooded  sloj.es  on  either  side,  extend'nu- liaek 
from  the  rich  lioltom  lands  alone  the  stream.  'I'o 
these  famous  hnntiii;.' and  tishinji-  ;ifonnds  from  the 
earliest  d.iys.  came  the  Indian  sportsmen,  for  tin- 
]ile;isin'es  aiid  prollts  of  the  iliase.  It  was  varionsly 
known  as  .Sar-a«di-t (>-;:< >e.  (»eli-sei-a-toii-;:iie.  (»eli- 
seeh-ra-fj'e  iiii'l  otherwise,   to  its  ancient  inoprielors. 

'I'l ;irliest  wliite  visitors  found  it  in    possession  of 

the  Miuinaes.  or  Mohawks,  the  lieri-estof  (he  f.imons 
Iroquois,  or  six  nations,  who  had  driven  out  the  Ma- 
iiicand.'fs.  or  Mohieaiis,  its  former  owiiei-s. 

Toward  tin'  northern  part  of  lids  territory.  Fish 
(  feek.  the  outlet  of  the  present  Lake  Saratoj-a.  joiiieil 
the  Hmlson. 

.Inly  21!.  l(iS:{.  certain  Molniwk  Sachems  th-eded  to 
Corndins  Van  Dyk,  Jan  .lan.seii  HIeeker.  I'eter  I'hil- 
ippsen  Sclinylerand  .rolianiies  AVendcll.  the  Hewer 
of  the  old  limit  iii.ii-  <.nmnds.  which  maybe  roii«fhly 
ik'serilu'd  as  exteiidiii"-  aloii<;  the  llndson  from  what 


•»  !<AUAT<HiA. 

i-iiiiw  AiiiliiiiiyV  Kil,  lit  McrliuiiiiNilli',  imiilicily  ii. 
Hiittfii  Kil.  iiciir  Siliiiylcivillc,  mill  Icickw  aid  fnun 
till'  ii\ci-  mImiiiI  six  mill's  1)11  fiihiT  side. 

Il   llplK'iiis    lllMl    il    rcllMIMIII    (if    (III-    .Miiliirilli-4    i|i||t- 

••lili I  to  tin*  illiiiVf  j;l:illli  cs,  Mliy  linllls  lliry  iiiiLllil 

llIIM>  ill  IllCSf  liillds. 

'I'lic  I'liriDiis    n'.nlrr  \\  ill   tinil    il riMin.il    linliiui 

ilfiMl  ill  the  Ailiiiny  Coiinty  Clerk's  ((llicf.  I/iImt  ;l  of 
ilri'ds,  piioc  lii;|.  In  wliirli  :iic  iilllxnl  imiiicn.iis  pir- 
liivcs  of  iiiiiiiiMls.  liirilcs,  lilnls.  Sic.  n'|iir>ciiiiii}i' 
till'  liiiliiiii  signal iirt's. 

»'o!iscii|  haviiijf  liccii  tliiis  hail  of  llic  linjiaii  owii- 
•Ts.  a  iiatfiil  for  tlicsc  lamls  in  ilur  form,  siiirr 
known  as  tlir  Saralo;;a  I'alcnt.  was  jiraiilrd  liy  (ioy. 
'I'lios.  |)i(ii»an  to  said  j-ranli'cs  and  tlirir  associates. 
\oveinl)er  |.  jcsl.  This  instniinent  is  i-eeonled  In 
tlie  otllee  of  the  Seeictary  of  Stale,  at  Ailiany.  in 
l.ilier  "i  of  I'atents.  pa;'e  l.'ift. 

'J'hus  passed  fmiii  savaec  to  eivili/cd  ow  nei'ship. 
Ilie  lands  wliereon  a  eeiitiiry  later  slionid  he  fon;;ht 
one  of  tlie  few  decisive  l)atlles  of  the  world's  Jiistoiy. 

'I'he  name  Fort  Saratojia.  <;iven  in  liilMI,  to  a  fort 
erected  at  (he  conlliience  of  Fish  (reek  with  the 
Hudson,  is  said  to  ho  tlie  lirst  ai)plicalioii  liy  tlie 
wliites  of  til'!  oil!  name. 


A    HIT   (tV   T(»PO<il£ArilV, 

The  Appalaeliian  chain  of  mountains,  divides  the 
watershed  of  tlio  St.  r.awreiice  from  the  New  Eiij;-- 
laiid  and  Middle  States  of  our  I'nion.  The  valley  of 
llie  Hudson  and  of  Lake  Cliamplain  is  the  only  way 
hy  which  larjie  Iiodics  of  wurriors  or  troops  could  he 
conveniently    transported  from  one  locality  to  tlie 


.k*v 


illlii'N  illi',    ||i<|'l||i>|'I.V   ll. 

.  Mini  liMi'kw  aid  Ci'diii 
liir  side. 

if     lllC     .Ml)|licilll<     Ijllit- 

Miiy  liizllls  Ihcy  iiilj^Iit 

I  1 1 ri;;'iM:il    linli.ui 

i'l'k'j*  odicc,  Lilicr  ;l  of 
iilllxnl  iiiiiiicroiis  |iir. 
iIj*.   i^i:!'..    rc|in'>ciil ill;" 

II  of  |||(>  IikMmii  (iwii- 
'    ill    line    riiriil,   siiici' 

«!l.«t  ^raiilf(l  liy  (Jiiy. 
<  iiiiil  tlifir  iissdciati's. 
iinii'iit  is  I'l'c'iii'ili'il  ill 

Stiilc,  at    AHiaiiy,  in 

(•ivili/('(|  (p\\  iit'rslii|i. 
Icr  ."Imnld  lie  foii^iht 
(f  liic  world's  histoiy. 
■(Ml  ill  liilH),  to  ii  fort 
Fish  CiTck  with  the 
<t  ai)i)licatii)ii  liy  the 

itAriiv 

louiitains.  divides  tiit! 
'  ffoiii  the  New  Knu;- 
'iiidii.  The  valley  of 
plain  Is  tlio  only  way 
ors  or  troojw  coiihl  he 
1  one  locality  to  the 


«' 


ia.*i.ililJi 


A    III  f    <>1       lul'otiliAI'll  V.  " 

olhiT.  This  fraliiri'  has  always  diicnnimd  dial 
istni;:>rli-  f<>y  ihr   posschmIoii  of  A rlcn  slioiihl  \<v 

Mav"'d  alonv'  these  valleys.  I'.efore  the  iiihelil  "f 
the  whiles,  ihi'  Aljioii(|iiiiis  inlialilled  tile  (  aiiadiaii 
lands,  and  the  I  iiMiiii.is  and  Ni'W  Kii^zland  liidlnii^ 
the  tenilory  to  the  soiiDi.  Tin'  hiii|iii.;,s  wanior  in 
«|iie.|  of   Al,'i'iiii(|iilii  xealj.s  and    iiliiiider   eaiur   down 

(he  Mohawk  loSehe lady.  Iheiiee  to  l!al|s|oii  Lake. 

KayaderossiTasC  reck.  Sara to^ia  Lake,  Fish  (  reek.  1  he 
Hudson.  Lake  » •iiain|dalii  and  Itn  oiithds.  hy  which  he 
had  an  alinosl  coiiliiinoii.s  water  route  to  the  liearl  of 
ihe  (anadiaii  |iosscssions.  The  Norlhcrn  Indian  seek- 
in^' thi' Idood  and  Ircasiiri-  of  his  Sonlhcrn  foe.  fol- 
lowed thesanii'  trail  soiiih.  and  Ihns  Old  Saralo;;a. 
now  Schliylervillc.  al  the  coiilliience  of  the  Fish 
(reck  anil  Hudson  river,  from  the  earliest  days,  ran;;- 
Willi  the  war  cry  of  the  savaue  warriors  on  llidr 
forays.  The  sunie  lo|.i);iira|)hical  features  which 
h'd  Ihe  palnled  siivaire  ijironoh  lis  valley,  hroimhr. 
in  his  wake,  the  armed  tread  of  his  eonlcmlin^- 
while  hrelhrcn.  For  upwards  of  two  centuries  its 
fruiitiil  vales  and  pleasant  homes  have  f"ll  the  heavy 
hand  of  strife  and  ^lowcl  wllh  the  lonli  id'  conMict 

SOMK    ICAUIA     srHI(l<il.KS    IN   TIIK    VAI.I.KV. 

Ill  ir).')."),  Jaeiiues  Cartler  saih'tl  up  the  SI.  I.aw- 
reiicf  river  and  discovered  eeri  lin  Indian  villa^^'s  : 
at  the  present  site  of  Montreal  was  a  lar^e  villa;-!'. 
Ipoii  the  nionntain  overlookin,;;-  it  he  raised  a  cross 
and  took  i)os.;ession  of  the  eoniitry  in  the  name  of 
the  French  Kin^r.  FraiK'is  1.  In  l(i(i;t.  t'hanipliiin  en- 
tered the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  a  snl>se(|iient  voy.-iuc 
in  l(i08,  he  founded  the  city  of  Qiichec.  The  follow- 
lii"-  year  lie  discovered  and  explored  the  lake  which 


ief..J.:\>iJimtwm"r':' 


<1  SOMK    KAUI.Y    STltroiM.KS   IN    niK    VAI.I.KY. 

lit'urs  Ilis  iiniiH'.  Tims  wci-c  Imm)  tlic  fun'wi-.tions  of 
tlic  Frciicli  power  in  AincricM.  Williiii  the  next; 
fifty  years  soiiie  tiiree  llioiisaiid  iiilial)it,iiits  liad  set- 
tled ul)i)iit  llie  forts  at  Moiitieal.  (^iieliec  and  Tlire.' 
PAverti. 

In  KlOii.  Henry  llndson  discovered  the  river  wiiicli 
liears  jiis  name,  and  in  KU.'J.  a  fort  was  l)niit  My  llie 
Diiteh,  at  Manhaltan  Island.  Ten  years  later  Fort 
Oran<!;«'.  (now  AHiany).  was  creeled  and  a  settlenienl 
established  tln-re  l)y  llie  Dnteli. 

Tiie  Kno-lish  had  I'staltliwhed  Iheinselves  in  sell le- 
inenls.  at  riyniouth.  in  1(;2().  and  later  at  divei's 
lilaees  !i1<mi<;-  the  New  Knjiland  coast  and  claimed 
t!if  country  as  far  sontli  as  Delaware,  by  vinne  of 
the  Cabot  discoveries  in  Nil".  Tjie  cor.ilielinM- 
claims  of  Dnteli  and  Knulish  r.'sulted,  KKM.  in  a  war 
in  which  the  Dutch  possessions  passed  under  the 
control  of  Ihe  Kn^lisli.  Tims  the  French  and  Kn;i- 
lish  had  become  established  at  either  end  of  the 
•  liamiilain-llndson  valley. 

From  earliest  times  there  had  been  wars  bi'tween 
Canadian  Indians  jind  those  of  New  York  and  X<'w 
England.  The  Alirominins  liavini;-  l)een  aided  by 
the  lirearms  of  C|iai\iplain,  aboiil  ICdii.  in  .-iciion 
a.irainst  the  lro<|iiois.  a  haired  for  Ihe  French  was 
formed  in  the  hearts  of  the  latter  which  was  manifes- 
ted by  yearly  raids  on  the  French  settlements  and 
iilliances  with  the  Hrilisb  settlers  of  New  York  and 
New  Kn;>land. 

About  KJS!).  the  French  (iovcrnor  (tf  Canada,  as- 
sailed Imntiiif.-  jiartics  of  the  Iroijnois,  who  were 
then  allies  of  the  F^njilish,  near  the  lakes,  ami  in  the 
Slimmer   of  tliat   year,    a    party  of   lifteen   hundred 


y^M 


I.KS   IN    niK    VAI.I.KY. 

'  l;ii(l  tlic  f(iiiiirl-i(!(i|m  ,,f 
I'licM.  Wiiliiii  the  next, 
<aiiil  itiliitliitiiiits  liMil  .«(■;- 
ilri'.il.  (^iiclifc  ;iii(l  Thivt! 

isfovcrcd  tlu'  river  wiiicli 
,  ii  fort  wiis  l)iiiit  l)y  llic 
(1.  Ten  ycjirs  Ijifcr  Korf, 
•  ■rcctcd  Miiil  II  scttlcniciil 
tch. 

K'd  lliciiisclvcs  ill  scltli'- 
iO.  Mild  later  iit  divers 
Iniid  eojist  and  eliiiiiied 
Delaware,  liy  viviiie  of 
l-fUl.  'I'lie  (•(imlictiiiM- 
I  r.'stilted,  KKM,  in  a  war 
'sidiis  iiassed  under  tlie 
IS  tlie  Freiieli  and  Kii;;-- 
1    at    either   end    uf   1|||. 

liad    lieeii  wars  lietweeii 

of  New  York  and  \ew 

liavini;-   lieen  aided   hy 

about    ICdii.    in    aelion 

red  for  llie   !•  rencli  was 

liter  wliieli  was  nianift-.s- 

Freiieli  settieiiHMits  and 

(tiers  of  New  Yoriv  and 

overnor  of  Canada,  as- 
le  lro(|iiois,  who  were 
ar  the  lakes,  and  in  the 
rty  of    lifteen   hmidred 


POMK    KAUI.V    sriJlti'il.KS    IN"    TllK    VAI.I.KV.  ( 

Irn(|iiois  warriors  passed  over  the  old  trail  from  the 
Mohawk  valley  hy  l<ake  Saratojia.  past  Scliiiyter- 
ville,  and  up  Die  river  and  lake  and  suddenly  fell 
upon  the  settlers  ahoiit  .Montreal.  For  miles  around 
the  settlers  wi're  captured  or  kiMed  and  the  country 
pillaiU'd.  After  a  stay  of  some  weeks,  they  liiirned 
and  massacred  alioiit  ninety  iirisoncrs  and  thcj>rcaler 
pari  returned  from  the  war  path,  hut  a  eonsideriihle 
nimilier  in  small  hands  contimicd  huijr  after  to 
terrify  the  coiinl  ry. 

In  the  winter  of  KiOO.  expeditions  were  fitted  out 
liy  (iov<'rinu'  Frontenae.  in  Canada,  to  strike  the 
Kuiflish,  at  Aihany.  New  IIam])shire  and  Maine.  ' 
This  was  in  pursuance  of  a  plan  formed  by  the 
Flench  to  send  a  force  down  Lake  Chainplaiii  to 
Aihany,  to  co-operate  with  a  naval  force  to  lie  sent 
a.irainst  N'ew  York  and  iiii  the  Hudson  ;  almost 
identically  the  iilan  adopted  hy  IJiirjroync  many 
years  later.  The  one  destined  for  Aihany  came 
down  the  lake  and  river  to  Schnylerville,  and  there 
turned  aside  up  Fish  Creek  and  Saratoj;a  Lake  to 
Schenectady.  The  little  villajie  was  taken  wholly 
liy  sui'prise  at  dead  of  niirlit  in  mid  winter.  About 
.sixty  persons,  of  all  ajres  and  both  sexes  were  killed 
aiui  more  captured  and  carried  away  prisoners.  The 
villaj^e  was  sacked  and  .burned  and  tlie  victors  re- 
turned over  tlie  trail. 

In  response  to  this  attack,  in  the  suinmer  of  !(!!)(». 
an  expedition  under  Gen.  Fit/,  John  Winthrop. 
about  seven  humlred  stronji,  iiudiidinjr  one  hundred 
and  iiftv  Indi'ins,  came  up  from  Albany  and  ('(ui- 
necticut,  and  passiiitr  up  the  lludsoe,  proceeded  as 
far  as  Ticonderoga.  when,  owing  to  lack  of  provisions 


S  JiOME    KAKI.Y    STlUTWa.ES    IX    fUK   VAI.l.KV. 

and  prc'vaU'iicf  of  smiiU  pox.  the  expt'dition  tiiiiietl 
l>!i('k,  losiii<{-  a  larifc  iiumlKT  l>y  tlii^  disease. 

In  the  winter  of  KiJKt,  a  Frciieh  force  was  sent  liy 
Frontenae  a<;ainst  tlie  Moliawks.  Several  Indian 
forts  alon^-  the  Moliawk  were  destroyed  and  nuiny 
])risoners  taken.  The  Eni;]isli  from  All)any  under 
i'o\.  Peter  S<'linyler,  assisted  in  rejiellini!;  tliein.  and 
aid  from  New  York  under  Gov.  Fletcher  arrived 
after  the  retreat  of  tiie  Frencli.  His  spci'dy  help 
wlien  their  castles  were  attacked,  wo.i  the  warm 
friendshij)  of  the  Irixpiois. 

t^ueen  AniK!  ascendeil  the  throne  in  1700;  war  with 
l''i'ance  speedily  followed.  'I'he  ("oloniis  were  soon 
involved  and  depredation.i  Ity  the  French  were  di- 
n.(!ted  ajrainst  Xew  FIn<«land.  Dew'tieid  was  burned  - 
in  1704.  about  sixty  of  its  people  killed,  and  iipwaids 
of  a  hundre(l  carried  away  captive.  Durini!'  tlie  fol- 
lowinj;  years  repeated  invasions  from  th(!  north 
aroii"(d  the  En<flish  to  action,  'n  170'.).  a  la-ji-e  force 
was  to  !)('  sent  by  water  from  U.  ston  to  atta<  k  (Que- 
bec. Anotl'.'r  force  of  Connectii'ut.  \ew\i)rkand 
Xew  .Jersey  ti-oops  were  to  proc(>ed  up  the  Hudson 
and  I^ake  to  Montri'al.  In  .liint!  of  that  year.  ("ol. 
I'eter  Schuyler,  leadinuthe  vanuiiard.  pn  •e"de<l  up 
the  Hudson.  At  Stillwater,  he  built  a  fort  wl.ich  he 
called  Fort  In^oldsby,  in  honor  of  (Jovcinor  Iiijfolds- 
by  ;  at  Saratoifa,  (Schuylerville),  he  bniit  a  fort  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river.  At  Fort  ^.Miller,  he  buiit 
another  fort  ;  at  F'ort  Kdward  he  built  a  fort  which 
he  ealleil  Fort  Xicliolson,  in  honor  .:f  Ms  chief  iji 
conmnind.  I'roceedinjr  north  lO  Wood  (reek,  at  the 
montli  of  Halfway  Creek,  he  built  a  fort  which  he 
called   Fort   Schuyler,  but  afterward    i  ained    Fort 


¥MJM^'S:Mli:MM3m~ 


■Ms^ne^isi^^amm^iSm 


E!S    IX    rUK    VAI.l.KY. 

:,  the  ex|)<'tliti(>ii  turned 
by  tlu!  (liseiise. 
•ciich  force  was  sent  Ity 
:i\vks.  Several  Indian 
re  destioye<l  and  many 
isli  from  All)any  under 
in  repeliinu;  tlieni.  and 
Gov.  Fietelier  arrived 
cneli.  His  spei'dy  help 
aeked,    wo.i    the   warm 

liionein  1700;  war  wiiii 
I'lie  ("olonii'*  were  soon 
y  tht^  Freneh  were  di- 
l)eertield  Wiis  bnrneij  ■ 
iple  Uiiled.  and  upwards 
ptive.  Diirini;-  llie  fol- 
isions  from  th(;  north 
I.     'n  ITO'.i.  a  la;<>-e  fori'c 

I  Hi  stoii  to  at ta<  k  (Jiie- 
ectii'iif.  \i!W  \()rk  and 
proeeed  up  the  Hudson 
Inne  of  that  year.  Col. 
anu'iinrd.  pr<  'e'Mled  iqi 
he  liuilt  a  fort  wl.ieli  he 
or  of  Governor  [iijiolds- 
lle),  he  liniit  a  fort  on 
t  Fort  Afiiler.  he  Iniiii 
il  he   Imilt  a  fort  which 

II  honor  .;f  ds  chief  in 
1  lO  Wood  ( 'reek,  at  the 
^  Imilt  !i  fort  which  h<i 
ifterward    i  ■lined    Fort 


W 

o 
EC 


X 

I— I 

o 


*mii*»«.a.ifim^:  w<rfw:y?kiasd 


ij..).l»mn,JB'a«""!W^ 


SOMK   EARLY   8TRUO<iI.K9  IN  THE   VAI.I.KV. 


!l 


Aiiiu'.  ill  honor  of  tlio  (iiiceii.  Tlicsc  forts  wcrr 
^jiirrisoiied  and  tlic  coiinnanil  awuitcil  llic  conrni^-  of 
tlie  ships  for  the  water  attack  on  (^ncltfc.  Hut  tli(? 
sliips  failed  to  eonie  and  liolli  expeditions  were 
ai)andoned. 

In  1711.  anotlier  attack  on  Cainnia  was  projected, 
anil  like  the  last  one.  was^i'iven  np  on  acconnt  of  tlii' 
failnre  of  the  lleet  to  arrive.  l)in-inir  the  next  thirty 
years  peace  followeil  and  the  French  settled  ami 
fortirted  Crown  Point  and  the  Chaniplain  valley, 
while  the  En<;lish  Colonists  ])0|)nlate(l  and  strenjith- 
ened  .Sarato<,oi  and  the  Hudson  valley. 

THK   MASSAt'lii;   AT    l«AIJAT(MiA. 

In  1740.  Charles  VI,  of  (ierniany,  died,  and  anionji 
the  claimants  to  his  throne  arose  tlu;  war  of  the 
Anstrian  siieeession.  Geor^fe  II,  of  En^jland,  sided 
with  Maria  Theresa,  of  Austria,  aiul  France  sup- 
ported lier  enendes.  In  17-II,  war  was  declared  liy 
France  a<^ainst  Enj^land  and  the  American  Colonies 
became  involved  in  a  war  wlueli  was  of  little  conse- 
(jnence  to  them.  Eouishurjr,  a  stronj;ly  fortitied 
French  post  on  tlie  Island  of  Ca[)c  Breton,  was  cap- 
turen  by  NewEnglanders,  in  June,  1745.  In  retalia- 
tion for  tlds  defeat,  the  Frencli  in  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  sent  an  expedition  from  Canada  ajrainst 
the  Connecticut  river  settlements.  I.ea\ing  "Mou- 
treal  in  November,  1745,  they  eaine  by  the  Wiiy  of 
Lake  Chaniplain,  about  five  linndred  stronir,  inclnd- 
11151:  one-half  Indians,  and  reached  Crown  Point 
about  the  middle  of  November.  Here  the  Indians 
refused  to  cross  the  iiionutains  to  the  Coniiecfieut, 
and  It  was  agreed  to  fall  upon  Saratoga,  (Schnyler- 
ville).    Mareliing  overland   along  South  Ba}%  tliey 


4 


1(»  Tin:    .MA>SA(Ui:    AT     SAl:ATO(^\. 

cnlllr  ildWIl  In  Knrl  MilliT.  "M  llic  lli^ilil  of  Xovciu- 
lnM-2Sth.  rive  miles  liclnw.  Ill  ilic  jiuicliuii  uf  Fish 
(reck  with  liic  lliulsi.ii  lay  Ihi-  iiiisiis|it'crmj;-  Iniiiilct 
of  S;n';it«)u;i,  II  wodilcii  furl.  I'tnir  mills,  soint-  Ihirly 
(hvcHiiitis.  iiicliiiiinii-  ihc  riPilincil  hrick  iiiaiisioii  of 
the  Schuylcis.  (which  slood  liclwccn  Ihc  iin'sciit 
Schiiylci- mansion  ami  Ihi'  «'ham|)hiin  canal),  lianis 
full  of  <«raiii.  stahlcs  of  cattle,  stacks  of  saweil  lum- 
Iter;  faiih  iii'oihicc  in  e(insi(leriililc  (|niiiililies  and 
aliont  one  hnnilied  souls  minh^  up  the  villa;je  of 
Sarato>:'a. 


smoking-  ruins  of  this  fertile  settlement,  the  fruits  of 
its  industry  consumed,  its  people  shiin,  or  followinj;- 
with  hleediujr  feet  their  savage  ciiptors  tlirough  Ilic 
frozen  wilderness. 

Within  the  nrxi  two  years  a  fori  or  l!ie  north  side 
of  Fish  Creek  near  the  haidi  of  tho  Ilm'son  hail  Ih-cii 
built.  i)rovideii  wilh  block  houses,  cli.isteneil  Fort 
Clinton,  in  honor  of  (iov.  Clinton,  and  ij;iirrisone(l 
wilh  uj)\viirds  of  one  hundred  un<l  lifly  men. 

In   June,    1717.    ii   f'U-ee   of   French   a;ul    Indians 


't^P^liillMfri--a!ft.tt!iM.gfcil<MI.IK^B 


AT     SAUATOCA. 

(Ill  the  iii^ilil  of  Xovciii- 
,  Ml  llic  jimclioii  iif  l''isli 
III!'  iiiisiis|it'cliii;;'  Inimlcl 
four  mills,  sniiif  lliiriy 
liilii'tl   liriclc  niiiiisioii  of 

1(1     Ix'tWCI'll     lll(>     ]ll't'S('llt 

'liinn|il:iiii  ciiiiiil).  Iiariis 
:1(',  stacks  of  sawed  liiiii- 
<iil('ral)l(>  (|iiaiilitii'S  and 
made   lip   llif   villajjc   of 

liilc  farmer  ami  avlisaii 
■mbers  smouldered  on  the 
lined  williiii  the  trundle 
ij;(lo\\  n  tlie  river  fell  siid- 
l.  Willi  lire  and  sword 
■  laid   waste  :  fort,  dwel- 

were  |-e(lne('(l  to  aslies. 
jr  eai'ried  away  captive. 

to  tell  the  tale.  Ilrave 
le  of  the  (ielieral).  was 
sioii  while  jialhintly  de- 
)iiiin<i'  >un  rose  upon  tlie 
It  settlement,  the  fruits  of 
x'ople  slain,  or  followinj'- 
vajic  cai)tors   tlironj>ii  the 

rs  a  fort  or  l!ie  nortli  si(h' 
k  of  the  Ilm'soii  had  been 
:  honses.   cluistened  Fort 

f'linton,  and  ij;arrisoiie(l 
cd  and  lifly  men. 

of   Freiu'li   a.'id    Indians 


mmmmmwsmtm^ 


TIIV.   MASSAf'ItK    AT    SAUAT()(iA. 


11 


under  M.  de  La  Corne  St.  I.nc.  surprised  this  siponu-- 
hold  and  captured  over  half  the  iinrrison.  A  fi'w 
months  Inter  the  fort  was  ahandoned  and  iHiiiit  liy 
the  Enjilish,  leaving'  no  fortiliealion-  between  .\1- 
bany  and  the  northern  frontier. 

KNdl.lSlI    ACCil'lSITION'   <II'    CANADA. 

From  1755  to  1750,  yearly  strnu';:les  between 
the  French  and  F,nj;lisli  for  siiprt'iiiacy  in  America 
dotted  the  valley  with  <;-raves  of  brave  men.  and 
ke])t  the  settlements  from  .Mb;iny  to  .Nfoiit  ri'al  con- 
tinually harrassed  by  scalpiiij;-  parties,  tomahawk 
and  secret  arrows.  LMiiie  bodies  of  troops.  rej;nlar<, 
mililiaiiicn  and  Indian  allies,  were  manoeuvred 
aloii;:  the  lliidson  and  through  the  I.Mke  'ieor;;'e  anil 
Champlain  valii'Vs.  I'orls  with  <;arrison.s  were  es- 
tablished at  Fort  Miller,  Fort  Hdward  and  Fort 
William  Henry,  by  the  Knuli^h,  .vhile  '11- 
conderoua  and  Crown  Point  were  fortitied 
by  till!  French.  In  the  sniiimeran<l  aiilunm  of  1751), 
the  Kniilish  disIodi;-ed  tlieir  adversaries  from  'rieon- 
dcron'a  and  Crown  Point  and  .\ith  'he  decisive 
victory  of  Wolfe  over  Montcalm  at  'iJiiebec,  the 
dominion  of  the  Frendi  in  America  was  ended.  A 
treaty  followed  in  17(i.'f,  and  there  was  jieace  alon<>' 
the  old  trails  until  the  stri|i>ele  of  the  American 
Colonies  for  iiidepeiidenee,  in  i77(i-7,  woke  its  echoes 
once  iiior(>  to  the  warwhoop,  tin;  rattle  of  musketry, 
the  roar  of  artillery,  the  shout  of  victor)'  and  the 
;j;r()an  of  the  maimed  and  dyiii^. 


12 


HUROUVNK'S  CAMPAKIN. 


^urgo^nc's  Campaign. 


■!    I 


THE  year  1777  wiis  friiii<ilit  willi  iinpuit  to  the 
Aim-rlciin  coloiriis.  It  iiuirks.  iici-iiMitM.  tlie 
most  iuM-ili>ii>i  ju'riotl  of  our  iiiitiouul  history,  ami  one 
of  till-  tiical  crises  in  tiu-  world's  liistory.  Tin'  iiifiii- 
ory  of  its  acliicveiiifiilH  will  last  as  loii^'  as  frcciiicn 
(hvcU  upon  tlu'  eartii  anil  i)()i)ular  <>-ovfi-nuient  ob- 
tains anion;;  the  mitions. 

The  colonists  hail  announccil  llnir  solemn  resolve 
to  sever  the  tics  which  houiul  tln-m  to  the  mother 
State  anil  to  hecome  a  free  anil  inilepemlcnt  nation 
umon^  the  ic'oples  of  the  earth.  The  wortl  was 
spoken,  hut  the  work  was  yet  hi  be  accomplisheil. 
The  bai)tism  of  tlr;'  was  yet  to  be  emhircil.  before 
the  woril  became  the  fact.  Kamblin.!;  efforts  hail 
been  made  by  the  Crown  to  subdue  the  rebels;  but 
the  lirst  syslematie  attempt  to  crush  the  insurrec- 
tion was  yet  to  be  made. 

In  the  sprhiji  of  1777.  General  John  lJur<«oyno 
siirccedeil  Carleton  in  command  in  Canada,  and.  in 
early  summer,  entered  upon  his  most  memorable 
campai.!j:n.  It  h  id  already  been  tletermined  that 
the  stron<;hold  of  America  was  the  center  and  com- 
manilinu'  point  of  the  }i;i-ii:\t  system  of  mountiiins  and 
valleys  of  New  York,  the  continence  of  the  Mohawk 
and  Hudson  rivers.  Upon  this  point  the  royal  forces 
were  to  converjre  ;  Howe  from   the  south,  St.  I^eger 


'iT<^"&J5' 


irrr^T-TTTsrrr 


CAMTAKiN. 


Lampdigti. 

[lit  Willi  iinptn-t  to  the 
t  iiiaiUs.  piTliiiji.x.  till' 
iiitioiiiil  history,  ami  oiif 
rl(l"s  history.  Tlic  inciii- 
last  iis  loii^  as  frcciiicii 
[lopnlar  <;<)ViTiiiiiLMit  ob- 

iM'il  llii'ir  solemn  resolve 
11(1  tlii'iii  to  the  mother 
ami  iiideiii'mleiit  nation 
earth.  The  word  was 
ret  hi  be  at^complished. 
t  to  be  emliired.  before 
.  Hamliliii.!;  efforts  had 
I  subdue  the  rel)el.s  ;  but 
t  to  ernsh  the  iiisurree- 

Lieiieral  John  IJurjroyne 
inand  in  Canada,  ami,  in 
1)11  his  most  memorable 
been  determined  that 
rt-as  the  center  lUid  eoni- 
system  of  mountains  and 
>nllue!K'e  of  the  Mohawk 
this  point  the  royal  forces 
roni  the  soutli,  St.  Leger 


BUROOVNK'8   CAMfAKlN. 


W 


from  the  west,  and  Hur^-oyne  from  ihe  north,  dis- 
niemberiiijr  the  eolonics  and  crushing:  the  rel>ellion. 
With  an  army  of  nearly  ten  llu  .and  men.  dis- 
eiplined  in  war  and  splendidly  equipped,  nuder  the 
leadership  of  Fra/er,  whose  iiispirinjr  piesciiee  filled 
the  Itritish  heart  with  lire  :  Kiedesel.  the  sturdy 
(ierman  IJaron.  whose  name  passed  as  a  synonym  of 
valor  anil  canlion  ;  and  Phillips,  the  ;rreat  artillery 
commander  of  the  eonliiiertal  wars.  nur;foyiie  as- 
eemled  Lake  Champlain,  and  suddenly  appeared 
before  the  Amerieau  army  of  less  tlum  live  thous- 
8and,  naked,  ill-armed  and  uuaeeoutivd  troops  at  the 
fortress  of  Tieonderooa.  He  had  issued  a  i.ioelamation 
ealliiif?  upon  the  people  to  rally  around  the  standard 
of  their  mereifu!  and  lovinjj:  soverei;iU,  and  threat- 
eninjr.  if  they  refused,  to  let  loose  hordes  of  savajres 
npon  them.  IMantiii;r  his  eaniion  upon  the  hitherto 
■  inaeeessible  hei^'lils  of  "  Fort  Peliauce,"  the  invader 
forced  the  iiatriots  from  the  first  two  strongholds, 
and  back  into  the  w  ildeniess. 

Tlie  colonists  were  tiriii.  and  the  Indians  came. 
At  Fort  Kilward  was  murdered  a  beautiful  yoniiy 
jfirl.  the  betrothed  of  a  llritish  otliier.  Hut,  as  it 
has  been  truly  said,  her  blood  was  not  »i»ed  in  vain. 
The  i)eoi)le  were  aroused  in  every  quarter.  The 
name  of  poor  Jane  McCrea  jiassed  as  a  watchword 
nlonjr  the  valley  of  the  llndson,  and  was  echoed 
amonjr  the  mountains  of  Vermont.  It  passed  from 
the  yeomanry  of  New  Yoi-;:.  to  the  militiamen  of 
Massachusetts,  and  cried  o.it  for  vengeance  to  the 
bold  "Green  Mountain  Hoys."  And  as  the  little 
army  was  pushed  fro...  retreat  to  retreat,  through 
the  wilderness  and  dow  n  the  streams,  brave  hearts 


u 


ItflKKlVM'.'j*   CAMI'A»i;N'. 


Mini  sti'oiiir  Mi'ins  wi'i'i'  !,Mtli''i'iiiy^  .irctiiiiil  lU  Iimiiium'm. 

\(;;il'  lli'iiils'  lk'i;;lil^.   tin-   fun  ■•■j   mi't    ilixili   <'(|iiiil 

^I'oiiiiil  iiiitl  ill  ('(|iiiil  f(»iilli;il.      ( 'liiii'iif.  Mini  I'lPiiiilfr- 

I'liurjZ'cx    pilrd    till'  llc'lil  with   )icM|iM  iiT  -hiiii.     iiiilll 

Wltll    mIiCIT    I'SllMII-ilioll     llic     rOMT    (if    <'lP|illi('l     CCMSI'll. 

iiiiil  tJK,' niMiilli' of  (Icxct'iKlliijr  ilMi-kiicss  -lull  iiiit  lli(> 
Mci'iH' of  ciiniMjj:!' from  Ilic  eves  of  iiicii.  For  sunic 
iImvj*  victory  liiiiiir  in  llic  IimImiicc.  till  tin'  IimihI  of 
(ioil  tiiriii'il  the  scmIc  to\v;iril  lilniiy  Mini  |iro;;l'<'KS. 
(JmIImiiI  KiMZcr.  tin-  soul  fif  lln'  iiiiii-li  Mniiv,  wms 
i^laiii  ill  lilt'  rorcl'ioMl  of  liMilJi'.  Ami  wlicii  Ills 
rlK'i-riiiL;'  voice  Mini  \VM\iii;i'  s\\oi-il  xmtc  mi-<cil  mIoiij; 
the  line,  llic  (Imv  WMswriii  fur  freedom.  IiimIcmiI  of 
the  royal  iiciiiiMiil  wuvliic'  lo  ihc  Urec/i  ,ii  All»;my, 
Hiiriroyne  s.iw  IiIm  shsittcrcil  Mrmy  liiirleil  l)Mck 
fhroii^h  I'Miii  Mild  mli'(>.  lieMrinn-  their  tMltercd  stMiid- 
iirds  lo  tlie  heiijhls  of  Smi'mIo'^m.  witli  llic  enemy  in 
full  retreat.  'rin-rc  Ihc  way  uas  Idockcd  with 
sturdy  jiatriotK.     I'etrcMi  to  ('Mi'mlM  wms  cm  oiV.  Mini 

tlie  roMd  to  .MIiMiiy  had  I ii  Mlrcmly  tried. 

A  victorioiii  enemy  U  prcssinci-  upon  mII  sides. 
Hiir^royne'.s  iiriiiy  reduced  to  Mhoiit  four  tlioiisMini 
men,  with  only  three  days'  provisions,  is  licmmed  in 
liv  one  of  nearly  twenty  thoii.sand,  full  of  thcMiiinia- 
lioii  of  \ietory.  Storms  of  iron  hail  are  s\vi'epiii<p 
his  camp.  Ills  lieailijiiartcrs  has  liccome  a  tarei't  for 
the  Ihdd  jjiiiis  of  the  eiieniy.  Soon  it  is  (Mit  lo  ](ieces 
and  his  council  lioard  dispcrs<'d.  Then  come  wounds 
Mild  thirst,  and  the  \\liil(!  tlaji'  sues  for  terms.  'I'lie 
(Mnnniandcrs  meet.  The  sword  is  delivered.  'I'lie 
bron/.eil  and  hardy  veterans  of  many  a  caniiiMiii'ii  on 
the  Continent,  tile  out  and  pile  their  arms,  and  tin; 
]int<i  train  of  (irisoncrs  starts  for  IJoston  hetween  the 


TWW 


mmwmm^mimmm 


CAMrAHiV. 

•iii^'  .irniiml  lu  liMiiiiiTM. 
foi'i  I'*  iiK-t  iiiiiin  <'i|iiiil 
<  liJiry:!-'  mill  ciuintfr- 
ll  lirilJiH  (if  sl.'iill.  until 
roiil'  of  ripiillicf  ci'iiKCil. 
;;•  ilill-kni'ss  .••lilll  mil  ll|i> 
•yes  of  iiMMl.  For  suiiic 
ihiiK'i',    till    tiic  IkiihI   of 

i|     lilirily    Mini    |il'Oi;l'<'SS. 

r  I  III'  llriiUli  iiniiy,  wms 
li.'iitii'.  Ami  wlirii  \i\< 
W  onl  \\  ere   llli-<i'il  iilolij; 

'or  fri'ciloin.  IiimIcmiI  of 
n  1  III'  hrci'/i  Ml  AlliMiiy. 
•I'll  iiniiy  liiiricil  li;ii'k 
iiij;'  llii'ir  t.'itlcrcil  slaml- 
(oMii,  with  till'  I'liciiix  ill 
\\  :iy  WMS  liloi'Ui'il  willi 
( 'ill'i:iil;i  w  as  CM!  olV.  iiliil 
I  iiliTMily  I  I'ii'il. 
ri'ssiii^i'  ii|ioii  all  siilcs. 
o  alioiit  four  llioiisam! 
irovisioiis.  is  licinini'il  in 
iHsanil,  full  of  tlicaiiiina- 
iroii  li:iil  arc  swi'i'piiijf 
:  lias  liccoinc  a  tarjii't  for 
Soon  it  is  cut  to  ](i<'ccs 
s<'il.  Then  conic  wonnils 
aji'  sues  for  terms.  Tin; 
soril  is  (lelivcrctl.  The 
of  many  a  caiiiiiiii<>n  on 
lilc  their  arms,  ami  the 
s  for  IJot-toii  between  the 


IMIH.o^  M.'>    <   AMl'Ali.N. 


iri 


-iuanliii;:'  liaymicl-  of  llic  < 'iinliiicntal  t  iiiii|iei  ■;.  will) 
the  "Stars  and  Siiiin's."  here  nnfurliil  for  the  tirsi 
linic.  llicilln'i-  overlicail.  The  c;ini|iai;'n  is  emleil. 
tilt!  royal  poNM'!' Is  hrokcn.  ami  success  is  sure.  St. 
I.c^icrVs  army  is  ilisiicrseil.  rjiuion  retires  to  New 
York.  France  lia>lciis  to  ai  know  Icdjic  ilie  imle- 
|,emlence  of  I  he  <  olouics  :  ami  "Tlic  lii;hl  Wilawii- 
iiiy  u|>oii  the  .\iiiiric;in  caii'C."  ••  Tiic  control  of  a 
<'ontineiil  has  sli|>|ii'i|  away  froiii  the  Kin;;-,  ami 
henceforth  the  only  slru;i-;;le  will  lie  to  save  for  the 
Crown,  that  which  cannot  l>e  comiiicred  for  it." 

The  soumLs  of  war  arc  hiishcd  aloiiif  the  rivci-. 
Tlic  iilonnhshan  has  leveled  its  fort  ilicalions  with 
the  earth.  Tlic  hum  of  m\  riad  s|iimllcs  is  sin^iiiii; 
the  labor  son;:- of  peace.  Tlic  h.iiNot  of  death  Is 
yalhcred  in.  and  in  its  stcnl  lirlds  of  wavinu'  ;,n-aln 
arc  irrow  iiiu' j;oldcii  in  the  snmnicr  sun.  .Mmc  than 
a  hunilrcd  years  have  passrd  away  in  peace,  yet  we 
arc  only  just  bci>innin;f  to  rcali/c  the  Mlurioiis 
results  of  this  jii-eat  victory.  The  hand  of  (Jodwas 
in  llic  s;ru;i!ilc.  and  lie  it  isulio  -hajics  il^seipicl. 
When  from  l.iiluador  to  California,  and  from  the 
Arctic  to  Daricii,  all  our  stores  of  mineral  wealth 
shall  be  wrested  from  their  rocky  prison  walls; 
when  all  our  fertile  plains  and  valleys  shall  be  peo- 
pled   with    a    prosperous  and   liapjiy    race   of    men  : 

when  all  our  sti ins  shall  echo   to    the   sounds   of 

Mndnstry  :  w  hell  liberty  and  law  and  iiiteUi;j;('ncc 
shall  be  wclili'd  into  a  ••ystciii  of  novernmcnt  best 
suited  to  mankind:  when  the  Hif;lil  of  years  shall 
show  that  cducalion  and  c(|ualily  of  rij;lits  is  the 
only  basis  of  linn  and  ciidnrin.ii-  jiov  eminent  ;  then 
wt!  shall   realize   the  wistloiii  of  that  old  statesman 


'WS^MMWWWL  JEHSRHbvi 


10 


III  IKiO^NK'S   rAMTAHiN. 


wlio  liuM  Mill. I,  llisit  fi.Mii  Miiviillmii  ID  Wal.iloo  thn-.- 
WHS  iMMiiiirlliil  ••vi'iit  Unit  liiid  ii  iii'H'-  fiir-rfHcliln;r 
hilliHiin-  iijH.ii  tlif  iilTiilr.!  "f  111.1.  iliiiii  til.'  siim'ii.l.'r 
lit  SiinUo;rii. 

■niK   MAItrll    AM'TIIK   HKKKAT. 

luiiliijr  17711  1111(1  lilt'  early  »|iiiiiy:  «'f  1777,  mi  iiniiy 

iiii.l.'iSii(iiiv  Cuili'toii.  liii'l  ' •'  '"ll'.i.'l  1"  '""- 

mill,   nii.l  v.-i'y  ciin'fiilly  .lrlll«'<l   mi'l   .■.iiii|'|'«"l.     li 

WHS    l.'.l    l.y    .'lll.'.'iN  .>f  jriviit i-iiy:...    mUMI   aii.l 

..iHclnirv.      I'hllliiw,     H1.MI..S.-1.     K111/..T.    MmiiiIU.'Ii, 
Spoflit,  "(Jiill,    KliijrstoK.    liiil'inniH,    A.k  :iii.l.  i-iKli 
,111.1  iililiiiil.'iiiiw.lpr.)fi'ssl.M>aliliMlii.'ll..n  iiiul.Tlln'. 
Hv  .■U'V.Tinlrijiii.'  Uiir^'.'yii.-  .■.)iitilv.Ml  K.  have  111.' 
roimiiaii.l  of  llil'»  army   iraiisf.m-.l  to  liims.-lf.  aii.l 
Willi  it  lit-  |ii«|.(.m.mI  to  fill  liiH  way   down    111.-  <'1.1 
<li;inii.liilii-Haiat..uu  trail,  from  Tanaila  l.>  AHmny. 
ll,..|rt.MO-op.Mat.-  Willi   ll.i«.-,   vviio  wa^^  l.)f<allni. 
loAll.any.  aii.lSl.  I-.'^.t.  who  way  loa.lvaii.-.' .'aHl.rly 
tliroiijih  111"  Moliawk  ValU-y.     O"  May   !•>•  '""•  """ 
comiiiaiKl   alt.mt  Kl.DOO  Htr.)ii<,'  was  formally   Inrm-.l 
over  lo  him.  ami  early  in  .Inm-  he  proeee.le.l  up  Luke 
Chami.lahi.  uiul  havinjr  he.'ii  join.-.l  on  Mie  way  l.y 
iil.mil  400  In.liaiis.   he  ..ecupie.l   Crown   Toint  on  the 
Inst  .lay  of  •'iin.-.     Next  day  liU  forees  arrived  at 
the  .lef'eiiees  of  'ne..ii.ler...ira.  whleli  was  }iarri»one.l 
by  about  live  lhoiis;iml   Amerieaiis  uii.ler  St.  Clair. 
At   tliP   p<dnt   of   liind   wh.re   the   waters  of   Lake 
(Jeorjre    meet    tho«<'    of   Chainplaln.    u    .raf,'  ahont 
sevi'iriiiimlre.l  feet  lil-fli.  eommaiided  all   the  Aineri- 
ean  works.     This  was  oreupled  wilhoiit  great  dltH- 
eiilty    by    the    Knjflisli.    aii.l    made    iieeessary    the 
abandonment  of  nil  the  American  works.     This  was 
mimed  Fort  Dellanoe.     On  the  nljrht  of  July  r.-(i.  I  lie 


mm--M-id.A>if-^  .'j  i  v.u.%mj 


*««,*.»«. -.■■«'-.■  .<-fi 


(AMrAHiN. 

ntlinll  to  WiltlTlllO  IhiTi- 

11(1  11  nioi-f  fiir-n'ucliln;r 
iiii'ii  lliiiii  till'  Kiirn'iiili'i- 

TIIK   DKKKAT. 

»liiiii}r  <if  1777,  nil  iirmy 
I  liri-li  nilli'i'li'tl  ill  Cilll- 
•lllfil  null  ((iiiipiM'il.  ti 
rent    roiiriiy"'.    "l^i'l    "'"' 

•scl,     Kni/.iT.    Miinilll 

iilcaniiH,    AtU  imil,  fiU'U 
Hill  (liMiiiiiiliiii  iimliTtln'. 

(•    COIltllVI'll    to  liiivc    til" 

Uffcni'tl  to  liimx'-lf.  '"'"• 
liJM  wiiy   ilowii   till'  <'lil 
from  Ciiiiiiilii  I"  Alliimy. 
(iwf,   who  wiiH  to  (tail  up 
III)  will- li>iHlviiii<<'fnnln-ly 
y.     Oil  May   10.  1777.  tlif 
hi;;  was*  foniially  tui'iu-il 
line  he  \in)('i'e(l('(l  iij)  Luke 
•11  joiiu'il  on  *lu'  wiiy  l>y 
lictl  Crowii  roiiit  on  the 
lay  Ills  forces  arrived  at 
ira.  which  waH  jrarrlsoneil 
iierieaiis  uiitler  St.  Cliiir. 
leie    the   waters   of   Lake 
liauiplain.    ii    era^  about 
Diiiinamled  all  tlie  Ainerl- 
iipieil  without   great  (llHl- 
iml    iiiadt!    necessary    the 
inerlcan  works.     This  was 
the  ni"ht  of  .Tnly  S-ft.  the 


W 


wmv!!mp^?*7i] 


^^^!^,, 


mwT 


THK   MARCH    AND    THE   PKKKAT. 


17 


Continental  trooj)s  rotrcati'd,  scndinjr  tlicir  sick, 
l)ai;<rajre  ii"<l  some  jirovisions.  to  '\Viiit(-liiill  liy  l)0;its, 
and  tlieir  army  jroinjr  into  Vermont,  Ei^jlity  can- 
non, tlionsands  of  tons  of  tloiir,  meat  and  provisions, 
and  mndi  annnnnition.  small  amis  and  iMinipnients, 
were  left  behind. 

Leavinjr  the  fortress  of  Ticondero^ia.  the  main 
army  of  the  Americans  proceeded  to  llnhliardton, 
Vermont,  where  Col.  Seth  WarixM-  was  pnt  in 
command  of  the  rear  jfiiard.  and  the  main  army 
]>ressed  on  to  Castleton.  Fraser.  ever  alert  and 
energetic,  had  immediately  ^iven  pursuit  of  the 
tleeinjj  Americans,  and  came  up  with  (_'ol.  Warner's 
command,  at  lliihhardton.  A  liercc  liirht  took  i)lace 
in  which  severe  losses  were  suffer(^d  on  both  sides, 
the  Americans  losiiio;  over  three  hinulred  and  the 
Britisli  iM'arly  two  hundred.  Warner  had  failed  to 
obey  orders  and  keep  close  to  tlie  main  army,  and  so 
was  unsupported.  Fraser  was  assisted  by  reinforce- 
uientR,  and  Warner  retreated,  leaving  several  pieces 
of  artillery  on  the  tiebl.  Fraser  came  very  near 
being  surrounded  and  cut  off,  and  but  for  the  timely 
arrival  of  reinforcements  would  have  been  captured. 

Meantime  Burgoyne  had  pursued  by  water  that 
part  of  the  American  army  which  liad  sailed  to 
Whitehall,  and  had  sent  a  force  over  the  moiintains, 
at  South  Bay.  to  cut  off  theretre.t  of  the  Americans 
from  Whitehall  to  Fort  Ann. 

The  fleet  overtook  and  destroyed  the  Ameri<'an 
boats  near  Whitehall,  and  the  stores,  batteaux  and 
mills  there  were  btnned  l)y  the  Americans,  who 
retreated  by  Wood  Creek  to  Fort  Ann.  A  force  was 
immediately  sent  forward  by  Burgoyne  to  attack 
Fort  Ann.    This  fort  was  occupied  by  a  garrison  of 


wmmwmnswT- 


ill  '■ 


TIIK  MAUCIl   AND   THE    PE1.KAT. 

5U,„„«l.llv  11,.,  .•«.„,.»„.- .  t  ( «\  >  ;    » '  ,,^„| 

i:r::;:;;;;;';.;:"^j.:;;;;;u,;-,:i;:^.i— .- 

lev's  ainiy. 

TlIK  .TANK   MC-CKKA  TKAOEKY. 

On     hilv    "Tth.    occurred-  tlx-    tra-cly    of    Jan. 
""■",''r        I',;,  iv-       v,ll"..  «».l  -l^-  -»' 

:™if:^.."-";- fV;.^^rrz 

;;;  ,t:  Vu.,.;, .» »-« .e.,,!,,  u,.  ..»,«o.  .»- 


)   TllK    OEl'KAT. 

I.   who  liiul  hvA-n    jiliiccil 
uyli'V,  tt)  liolil  l>:i*'l<  1^'""- 
be    rt'inoved    from   Fort 
of  the  l$iili«h  the  ijiin-i- 
ith  iiiul  fiiivi!  hiittl'/  at  or 
,wi.    iis    Kiiiios'   Fulls,   or 
)       cngiijr'.'KH'i't      eiiMied, 
tilt;    Aiiit'rU'iiiis     «.nvii:jr 
ifs    hciiijr    reiiiforceil     l>y 
liiinicil  the  fort   aiul   fell 
A\U^g  trees   ir    'h'   romU^ 
n<r  n)ek.s   ill  Wood  Creek, 
th-  iulvaiice  of  the  enemy. 
of  Col.  AViirnerV  foree  hail 
ider  Ht.   Clair,  ami  all  had 
rd  and  there  joined  rieliuy- 

(■Ki:.\  TliA(iKl>V. 

red-  tlie  trajicdy  of  .Tana 
,.:uititid  yoimg  woman  was 
hs.  MeNeal.  with  whom  she 
[  to  Fort  Miller,  for  jjreater 

\vh(Mi  they  were  snddenly 
lavaires  and  hnrried  toward 
.arty" of  the  militia  pursuing 
rill"  vollevs,  and  .lane  vas 
i„ul  killed.  She  was  at  once 
,  iuul  her  1)ody  left  on  the 
overed  by  her  friends  and 
ow  rest  in  the  cemetery  oe- 

Sandv  Hill,  a  little  oft  the 
L.  lias  "l>een  suitably  marked 
si„.-le  event  of  the  war  had 


TIIK    MAIJCIT    AND   TllK    IH'.I  i:AT. 


1! 


more  iiilluenee  in  arousin^r  Ihi'  Amerieans  and  stir- 
rinjr  them  to  a<'tion  tlian  the  untimely  death  of  this 
jrirl.  whose  takinji;  off  was  attriliute(l  to  tlieiJava;i('ry 
of  the  British  and  Indians.  It  was  fell  that  no 
one  was  safe  from  such  devilish  barbarity.  Ev<'ry 
heart  was  stirred  to  venjjcance. 

TUK  EXl'KDITION    A(iAlXST    lll'.NMNi: TON. 

I'pon  arrivinjr  at  Fort  Ann,  Hnr^oyne  havinj.' 
learned  that  larjre  stores  of  provisions,  beef  ami 
horses  had  been  erdleeted  at  Henninjiton.  despatched 
Col.  Baiim  with  a  force  of  tln'tierman  troops  to  cap- 
ture them.  This  expedition  jiassed  down  and 
crossed  Batten  Kil  easterly  of  Schuylerville,  and  on 
Aujrnst  KJtli,  fell  in  with  liie  .\mericans  under 
Stark.  A  lien'e,  sharp  and  decisive  enjiajjement  en- 
8ued,  and  altiionoh  Baiim  was  reinforceil  liy  Col. 
Breyman,  all  were  driven  back  Iicfore  the  vijforons 
eharges  of  the  (Jreen  Mountain  Boys.  Hreyman  es- 
caped with  i)art  of  his  force  and  joineil  the  main 
army  of  Bnrjioyne,  at  Fort  Miller,  sifter  si  forced 
march,  on  Aiifinst  ITtli.  The  invaders  lost  in  this 
expedUiori,  some  line  artillery,  seversil  hundred 
stiinds  of  small  arms,  about  seven  Inindred  prisoners, 
and  the  bones  of  :i  considerable  number  wen?  h:ft  to 
blesich  upon  the  hills  of  Vermont.  !imon<>;  them  tin; 
gallant  Banm.  This  wiis  the  tirst  resil  set  back 
whieh  Biirjroyne  had  experieneed,  sind  the  moral 
effect  which  it  produced  wsis  very  disastrous  to  him. 
Ills  Indian  allies  l)e'ran  to  desert  ;  his  troops  lost 
their  contidence  and  dash  ;  ami  ly  so  much  as  his 
own  army  lost  enthusiasm,  by  so  much  were  the 
Americans  encouraged  smd    strengthened. 


TllK   MAUCll    ANI.  THK   VV.VV.XT. 

::::■ -:;r;'i.^.. -;.,;;-; --»»;;- 

plans  an.lstreuothof  theu.x.ule  i 

until   mc  .u.ii,   .^ ■;        ,,^,.,,, -eve  consumed  in  a.l- 

vivev  wus  taken  up.     1""     '''J         ^,.  ,^„  -...fonnution 

,  practicable  spot  to  oppose   the   Vf^'^'^J" 
^    ^      .  .      TT,M-p  he  w  IS  superseileil    hj     o.iks. 

.oyne-sanny.  '^     /Vooo  n.en  took  up  a  posi- 

"'"'TSnis  ei.h^  'vhere  fovtifientlons  .ere 
t,.,,  at  B*^'"'^  ""^^  ,V„j  Kosciusko,  consisting  of 
:;:;::^Sv:oi-;;^hatteHesHion.  the  eastern 


1)  TIIK   OKFKAT. 

Jurjroynefouuditik'seitid 
s  here  joiiuHl  by  ii  force  <>f 
UU8,  iind  ii.lviinciu!,'  tlowii 
,(l  ocoupie-l  I"  "»t  Miller  o.i 
thill  a  few  (liiya  the  n.aiu 
iTimumls  of  the  Beninng- 
l„.r,.,  iuul  ii  halt  was  made 
riiij;  this  time  tlie  Anieri- 
nforiuatioH  aw  to  location, 
invatlevs.     From  Sept.  lltli 
lu-umped  near  tlie  present 
ml  preparations  were  made 
ntrenelmients  to  cover  the 
(,n  tlie  IJeniiiiijiton  siiU-  or 
up ;  a  hridjte  of  boats  was 
l„w  t)ie  present  mills  of  the 
r  company,  and  on  the  i:Uh 
fler  passii.<;   the  river  Hm- 
presentsiteof  SchuylerviUc, 

leisnrely  march  down  the 
ur  davs  were  consumed  in  ad- 
„.iy  little  or  no  infonnatioii 
cugth  or  movemeuts  of  the 

in*  '.  ,, 

)ack  from  the  north  to  StiU- 
the  mouth  of  the  Mohawk, 
Van  Schaick's  island  as  beinf? 
oppose  the  passatre  of  Hm- 
e  WIS  superseded  by  CJatos, 
li  c  000  men  took  up  a  posl- 
8,  where  fortifications  were 
s'of  Kosciusko,  consisting  of 
'  batteries  along  the  eastern 


TIIK  MAUCl!    AND  TUK    KKKEAT. 


i\ 


sind  nortliem  parts  of  l!ic  liills.  commaiidinj;'  the  Hats 
sihmg  tlie  river,  and  ilic  apiiroachcs  from  llic  north  ; 
iilso  n   line  of   works   from    the  hills   to   thi!   river. 
Hanked  by  a  water  lialtery  at  tJie  river-side,     line 
tiates   awaited    the   comiiifr  of   l$iii»(>yne.     On   llie 
r.ith,  Hiirjjoyne  havinj'-  no  delinite  information  as  to 
the   whereabouts   or    strenjrDi    of    tJie    Americans, 
moved  forward  on  .a  .sort  of  armeil  reconiioi.ssaiice, 
vith  his  army  in  three  divisions,  the  (Je'-mans  near- 
est the  river,  his   own  division  in    tlie   centre,    and 
FiT.ser    in  the  woods  toward  the  west.     Aliout  tlie 
middle  of  tlie  afternoon,  the  centre  accidentally  eii- 
jia<;ed  a  portion  of  Mor<-an"s  men  who  were  scout- 
hi^,    at  Freemairs    farm.     A    sharp    liglit    ensued. 
Eraser  came-  to   the   assistance   of   the   centre,    and 
Morjjan  was  worsted  and  fell  back,  but  assistance 
beiiijj  .sent  him.  a  bloody  engagement  took   place. 
The  clearing  at  Freeman's  farm  was  repeatedly  lost 
and  won   by  both  sides,  until  near  ni<;htfall,    l{ei- 
desel  advancinuf  from  the  river  saved    the   British 
from  total  defeat.     Niglit  coming  ou,  the  Americans 
withdrew  within  their  lines,  and  the  liritish  camjied 
on   the  field.     The    American    loss  was   about  four 
hundred,  and  the  IJritish  eight  hundred  to  one  thous- 
iiiid.     Neither  side    renewed   the   attack  next  day, 
and  soon  IJurgoyne  began  to  build  a  fortilied  camp, 
which  extended  from  the  field  of  Freeman's  farm  to 
the  river,  entrenchments  strengthened  by  redoiilits. 
At  the  river  the  IJritish  works  were  about  the  pres- 
ent site  of  Wilbur's  Basin. 

For  nearly  three  weeks  Burgoyne  lay  inactive 
w  itir.n  his  camp.  His  positions  were  strengthened 
by  additional  entrenchmeuts  and  batteries,  but  little 


22  TIIK   M  Alien    AM)    THK     KKKI'.AT. 

tl,.,u..l.  tlu-   An.nirans  NV.Me  s,.  clns,.   Mt   1...imI   tl...t 
;r  .„•.....,.  ..ouM  1..-  h.-;.nl.     Tlu.  f.-llinjr   of   tm-H 

„„,„„«  t.,  tlu.  HHtisl..     l'.ovls..>ns  -•••<'''',". 
IC,  diivs  rations,  an.l   f..n.}iiiif;'  I'="<"'*'  ^^••"■^"  "' 
.no'^ful  that  r;..i..ns  .ere  r.^ln.....!  by  UMr,..yne  . 

'"'Si  M.M'stion   ..f    fuHinsi  I'^xk   to    tlu-   ^v..rUs    at 

until  nn  arinc.l  ro.-onnoissan.-c  .-o..!.!  l'<  '"•'"«• 
Mo  nwl  il...  evnv  nu.v.-nu.nt  ..f  Hnr,..yn.V  anny 
^i;";^..,-,!  to  his  a.lv,.r.ary.  an.l  all  things  wm-.n 

veaiVnu'SB  to  r.eeiv.  l.ls  attack  wh.n  n.a.i.-. 

On  th.  forenoon  of  Oct.    7tl..  llnro-oync  K-    Ins 
foLtoapolnta1,onttwo.t..inlsofan.ne.^cs..     y 

fnnn  Frecn.un-s  farn..  whore  was  a  ^^— *-'';" 
the  tr<.oi.s  havinff  l.e.,>  .leploye.l  in  line,  In-...  t  . 
.  u  1  e  forao-,:  Meanwhile  a  .letaclnnent  wh..l. 
:;  ,e  1  e  t'iorwar.l  on  the  Hritish  rl,ht  to,a.n 
^eLroftheAnierieanlef0.a.n.eena.eov^^^^^ 
•uul  after  a  snnirt  skir.nlsh  .Irlven  baeU.  Bnifioj  ni  s 
ml  of  troop,  havlnfr  h-en  reported  to  Gates,  a... 
•IZla  as  a  ehallen^e  to  battle,  the  An-eneanB 
"e"      ulved  into  position  for  aggressive  operatuMi.s 

Morgan  was  clispatohe.i  "-l-,""";' .Athene 
posUlon  westerly  of  the  British  nght,  fiom  whence 

heeoultl  outflank  them. 

Poor   an.l  T.earnecl  moved  to  the  front  o       .rr- 
.ovne-.   left,    and    at  half-past  two  attacked  with 
Se  t  vi.^or.    For  a  half  hour  the  tide  of  battle  he 
;,  ."ed  to  and  fro  with  great  -'>--^5  '  ""'t 
^ice    was    taken   and  retaken  four  times;  Majoi 


r 


I   THE     KK.KI'.AT. 

lemy  was  ohtaiiu'il.  iil- 
,.  so  dose  at  liaiul  tliat 
1.  'I'lio  fflliufr  of  tm'-* 
(.iiworkRwciTinstliittly 

ivls'oiis  were  vcdufcil  to 
.iiio'  imrtifs  were  so  iiii- 
e  n'tliicetl  >>>'  Hi\r}royiie's 

■•  liiick  to  tlH'  works  at 
nud  liflt'  '"  alii-yaiioe, 
ssiiiit'C  could  Ix'  iiiadf. 
•lit  of  IJiiinoyiif's  army 
,1-y.  aiid  all  lhiiij:s\vm'ii» 
lick  wlicK  iiiadf. 
t.  7tli,  Hiir^royiH!  Ifd  Ids 
,-thinlsof  a  iidle  westerly 
ic  was  a  wlicat-lU'ld,  and 

■ployed  ill  liii«'i  '"'fi'""  *'* 
hile  a  detaclniieiit    which 

tlie  British  ri-;lit  to  »aiii 
left  had  l)eeu  discovered, 
i.lriveii  iKiek.  Biirfroy lie's 
Ml  reported  to  Gates,  and 
to   battle,    the   Americans 

for  aggressive  operations, 
mder  cover  of  woods  to  a 
liritish  riglit,  from  wlieiiee 

>ved  to  the  front  of  Bnr- 
df-past  two  attacked  with 
liour  the  tide  of  hattle  here 
,  great  carnage  ;  one  tield 
•erakeii  four  times;  Major 


TIIK   MMiCIl    AN1>    TlIK    I»K1  KAT. 


2:t 


Acklaiid  was  wounded  and  the  Hrilisli  left  was 
driven  liai'k. 

Meanwhile  Morgan  descended  like  a  Ihuiiderliolt 
upon  the  right,  and  with  the  aid  of  Dearborn's  two 
regiments,  sent  it  Hying  in  confusion.  I'or  a  time 
Die  wliole  American  onslaught  was  conccutrated  on 
the  Ilrilish  centre,  which  was  gullantly  defeiidetl  by 
Col.  Specht.  Meanwhile,  I.ord  Halcarras  had  ral- 
lied IJu.rgoy  lie's  right  and  again  led  I  hem  forward. 

Frascr,  w  ho  had  led  au  ailvanee  guard  on  the  Brit- 
ish right,  seeing  the  peril  of  tlie  centre,  which  was 
now  sorely  pressed,  hastened  to  its  assistance.  His 
energy  was  so  conspicuous,  that  sharpshooters  were 
detailed  to  pick  him  off,  and  in  a  few  moments  he 
w  as  shot  through  the  vitals  by  one  of  Morgan's  men. 

Ills  loss  threw  Burgoyne's  army  into  eonfiision. 
ami  at  this  moment,  three  thousand  reinforcements 
arriving  for  the  Americans,  a  retreat  within  the 
breastW(U-ks  was  ordered  by  Burgoyne.  The  en- 
gagement had  now  occupied  about  an  iiour. 

No  sooner  had  the  retreat  been  sounded  than  Ar- 
nold, rushing  to  and  fro  at  the  head  at  the  Ameri- 
cans, everywhere  inspi.ing  them  with  his  ow  n  coiir- 
rage,  fell  ui)on  the  British  entrenchments.  Inch  by 
inch  the  ground  was  stubliornly  contested,  until  ut 
nightfall  tlie  British  were  in  retreat.  The  great 
redoubt  on  their  right,  the  key  of  their  fortilications 
was  in  the  hands  of  the  i>atriots.  and  Arnold,  wounded 
ill  the  thickest  of  Die  fray,  had  covered  liiniself  with 
a  '.-lory,  which  his  subsequent  shame  will  never 
efface.  Darkness  put  an  end  to  the  tightiug. 
Burgoyne's  troops  were  withdrawn  to  the  lowlands 
along  the  river,   and  tl.ere  remained  until  the  even- 


W;*iimw>i>mn'ji'' 


TIIK  MARCH    ANP   TllK   LKKKAT. 

SclmvU-ivint". 

TIIK  8t'KUKN»KU  <;R<>UX1'- 

1        ..t  o.t    SHi.  with  111** 
,U.fe.tea  unny    nun  th- f.    .n       1  ^^^^^_    .^^_ 

a.un.ourly  i..  .lauj:.M-    .fat.        f  ^^^^^^   ^,^^^ 

,,,.,,.,1  hy  n.hi  nu.l  n,n-y   ''''f.^'^,,\,,a   l.-:.vy 

camp    «"1"1"'«''        "H    „  tl..-  '...>..  au.lhalf.1  h. 
Covevillo,  just  bofoiT    ..y  «  ,      j.,,„„  ,„.,•« 

T.u,y  A.kh.u.l,  with  her  n.uul     •       -    ;^        .,,_  ,,, 
,„a  the  .haphuu,  set  .m    »"f  ;;';',;:„,,.     „..,• 

^^''■<''"^- ':r::i;i':y:'.X  ■■■i.e. ■ 

soiiking  y^rmma  to  fast  .  u  Sehnyler 

Mansion  80vitli  of   «''«  ^'^•^'';  "  "     enlivened  by  tlio 
smiles  of  liisunsiu.  ,  nuuision 

,I.Su.a,..Uhe|.llv«tlo™.fW.««.l-- 


)   TllK   nV.KKAT. 

look  up  tlM-  line  of  V- 
,  wurrfUtUT    ^'n>tm<l,   ut. 


,.,   of  ().t.  stl..  with  »»!» 
i,T  llcl.l  <.f  HcinisH<'lj!:1'»S 
ItacU  from  tin-  nsir,  im- 
rou.ls,   crn.{ti<>,ir   with   the 
s  of  aitllh'iy  111.(1  h.'iivy 
„,    rcrtclKMl    I)ov<-jriit.   or 
on  tlK-  itlh.  aiKl  hiiltctl  lii 
■ar  ni-htfiiU.     From  h<'<-« 
nuUl,   hi'i-  hiisl.iind-s  valot 
hvoufrh  ii  (Iriviii^'  storm,  lu 
the  litres  of  (JatesJ.     H»'r 
the  theme  of  many  "'''^- 
tlie  ninth,   the  sirmy   wmh 
veniufr  Burooyne's  troops, 
twentv-fonr  h<mrs,   forde.l 
kiUe,   iuul  lay  »lown  on  the 
„,„n  nK.rning.     The  eom- 
alters  in   the  oUl  Sehnyler 
eek,  and  here  a  ehampagne 
..panh.ns,  enlivened  hy  tho 
,e  beautiful  hut  IhUle  wife 
rles,  made  the  old  numsion 
,d  helped  hira  to  forget  hm 
am  of  his  troops. 
X  took  up  their  positions  on 
,f  the  river,  exteudin>r  north. 
luFish  Creek,  positions  which 
,y  Col.  Fellows,  who  had  oc- 
of  the  river. 


k^4' 


I 


Tin;    SIHItKNKKU    IIUOIM*. 


•i:. 


The  UiHIhIi  (iifiiiicli.TH.  I,l;.'lit  liifiiiiiry  mihI 
Fimsit'm  Hiuip'is.  <Hrii|iicil  !i  forlillfil  ctunii  dii  tlif 
pri'j'i'iit  site  iif  111"'  S'ir:il<>jr:i  Moiiiiiiu'iil.  rrospfci 
mil  rfiiicfi-ry  and  Vlil<My  nmhmI^  mihI  fmiii  IIhm<' 
ittrctrlilii;.' iiwiiy  to  the  iit)rtli.  Tin'  (i<Tiii;iii  Iniops 
wen-  viii'aniiifd  on  the  lil-rli  pliilii  cNtciHlin^'  fn'in 
Spriiifr  i'lr»"<'t  iii)rtli«;iril  I"  lln-  Miirsliall  plaic. 

Anierlciiii  (Ictai-liiiHMils  iindn-  «'..|.  Tcllows  liad  al- 
ready occupied  the  hills  east  of  tlii'  river,  strclclilnjr 
down  from  a  point  somewhat  norlli  of  Halleii  Kil. 
alonj,'  the  jireHcnt  site  of  Clark's  Mills,  to  a  point  op- 
posite Fish  < 'reek.  Next  afternoon.  Oct.  Kith.  Hie 
Amerli'ans  arrived  on  tlie  hl;;li  jironnds  skirt  In-; 
Fish  Creek,  from  the  jiresent  sili'of  lloricon  Mill  to 
tlio  vlllajre  of  Victory  Mills.  Hellevin-r  lliat  the 
main  army  of  the  Itrilisli  liad  n-treatt-d,  It  was  re- 
solved to  attack  the  remainder  al  dayliiiht  of  ihe 
mil,  anil  erossinn;  Fish  Creek  nnder  cover  of  a  foji, 
tho  Americans  narrowly  escaped  deslrnclion  hy  an 
ambuscade.  Hetreatlii'r  across  tin;  Creek.  Morgan's 
men  hy  a  inanh  to  the  west  occupied  the  hi;;li 
jrroiind  to  the  west  of  ]{nr},n)yne"s  troops,  extendiiifj; 
frimi  the  elevations  wt'sterly  of  Victory  Mills,  alon^' 
the  hrow  of  the  hills  westerly  from  where  the  nioiui- 
meiit  now  stands  ;  thence  alonjr  the  hills  in  rear  of 
the  Marshall  House;  and  thence  In  rear  of  Ihe  Hil- 
Unjis  place,  at  Northumherland.  restln<r  on  the 
river,  about  two  miles  north  of  Schuylerville.  The 
main  army  of  tlie  Americans  remained  south  of 
Fish  Creek. 

The  o])jective  point  in  Burjroyne's  retreat  was  the 
north  lakes,  and  ultimately,  Canada.  To  accom- 
plish   tills    he   must  now  eitlier  cross   a   consJdera- 


M  TIIK   51  IIUI'M'I'"  «•"<">'"• 

,,,..    „„„,,.,   an.l    l.n..k    Hm-    Au.nlr.n    II...   ..„    11..- 

my    ...    (.•......!..•   l..l):>.<-    "•    " "••'^^;"''- 

K      vho,,rlnm U im....l.y  ..f   n.......  .  ^l-- 

.  .i„fi,n.o..>.M.tH     x>.n.    .MmK.a.,lly    ...•.■.vl..«    fo.     '1- 

i,,,l  1..-  ..l.:....l.....Ml  l.ls  ■..•mi.'.y  a...U...•|.l..H.•'l..l|'- 
.,         .      ,,.-,.a.,..lwHl...n, 1..1...USP.......     ..- 

n  ',,,1..  .wui,  !..•  ."i»:i.'.  i-'-i--  '-^" '';;'"' 

,„.Uo..  ••''"'l'' '•^'"  ' V  iff-s  l.oi.e'*  t,.v.,   to  il..«t 

liiive  xeen  tl.e  |.ro.i<Usl  of  l.rt  s  ..«'i» 

L  Hardy,  l.>    fn.nt  of  >vl.i....   the    a.....s  .eve 


KU   (.IKUNH. 

Amcrlrun    llin'   ""    '•"' 

llMllllltlt'lUllimiilTi'llH 

ijiliM  to  111''  ••iiHtwiinl. 
im.Milly  "f  n-ln'iit.  »\w>' 
^imiily  iinlvliiK  f"!'  I''" 
il.iiifiitx  «»•»•«•  (liinlioylnjf 

thr  r«>;l(l.'*  I"  till-  ll'Mth. 

■tllli'iy  ami  Hiniilii'*  <''l'>'r- 
1   pOKKlllll-  tllM'"''"''    '""" 

p.MliMpK.  li:i\<'  nivid  111" 
(;.mi.m;i1  lonVIIKpllK'  i*!!"' 
|,lly  giil.lc  111"  ii'll""  '" 
l.y'i.ion-  lliiiii  »v<'  •ill"'" 
,s,"  lil>*  provWioiirt  iilmost 
.mmaiul.Ml  l.y  IIk' fi.rmyV 
[,..lU-tl    liliii    '"   wiintiKli'i-. 

w.M-e    sljfiif'l,    It    !>*   ■*'''•' 
t  in  iK.w   till'  lowiM-  <'ntl  of 

11  i«i.()t  now  iiuukoil  liy  « 
I  „f  a  Imiltrm^' ;  lil«  '""■" 
,in«  of  ol.l  Fort  llnv.ly,  on 
m  au.l  staitc.l  so.ill.iMly 
en  tlM-  lUfs  of  CoiiUn.iital^. 
,.  AlHMit  a  mil.'  Hoiith  of 
,nt  of  (Mt<''<"  lK'!ul<l»»i'>t''''^' 
,nl  111  till!  iirt'st'iice  of  liolh 
till-  j.ronil  foiiiiiiaiKlfi- as  in- 

cl„wii  to  llif  lii'lil  of  til.- 
tupoutliiMijounK'.v  totlK'ii- 
rociat*'.!  only  l>y  those  who 
)f  liff'9  hopes  turn  to  ilnst 
yi's. 
t  of  whi.li   the    arms  were 


1 


TiiH  «iimKNi>i".u  onorNn. 


•J7 


•taeUe.l.  Htooil  in  the  allele  foinieil  l>y  the  <onlluen.e 

of    Klsll    Cieeli  and  llie    llllilsoll.    to   llielioilhof    ihe 

ftirtner.     It  lin'l  1 n  ImHt  '""".v  y'"'"  '"'f<'>''  '"  ""' 

••arly  FreiK-h  an.!    Iinllan   warK.     Mementoes  of  its 

former  military  eliaiaeier  liuve  lieeii   i arllie.l  in 

reeenl  years,  lint  eiiltlvateil  llel.ls  ami  villajre  lots 
have  pVaelieiilly  oliliterated  ali  traees  of  it.  Tlie 
Hann'  is  trm-  of  almost  all  parts  of  tlie  famous  eamp 
ground  of  IJmjioyiie.  Alon<f  the  wooded  rld^'e  he- 
tween  tlie  vllla;:es  of  Vietory  iiml  Scliuylerville, 
.■arliiwoi-Ks    may    siill    he    Iraeeii.     Hut    the   naine 

plon^dishare  wliicli  inrnsiii in<  and  l.uiiets.  Iiones, 

■  sh.'lfs  and  otiier  ivli.'s.  levels  and  (dfae.'s  tiie  Idstoric 
landmarks,  and  in  a  ^h  n't  time  ail  vlsllde  traees  of 
llie;.n-eat  slru^i'^'le  will  have  melted  away  forever. 
Tlnronly  open  llel.l.  as  far  as  luiown.  wliieh  has 
never  felt  I  he  plonjilishare  from  the  hattle  to  the 
present  time,  is  on  the  farm  of  Henjamin  Sarle,  just 
ImIow  ilie  I'reeman  Farm,  and  wliieh  wast.eenpied 
hv  the  Aine-ieans  dnriny:lhe  haltles  of  Sei.t.  linh 
aini  Oel.  Till.  What  ivli.'s  lliis  Held  may  hold  in 
^KM-e  will  not  he  iuiown  until  Its  present  proprietor 
has  passed  away,  as  he  keeps  it  In  its  viri;in  soli. 

TllK   M'  >IM',   <»1'   TIIK    Vl(  TOin. 

As  long  MS  reverent  reniemhranee  of  the  deeds  of 
urentnieii  shall  draw  the  world's  Irave'l.fs  to  the 
s.'enes  of  their  aeeompiisiimeiit.  so  Ion-  will  eaj^Pi' 
visitors  love  to  liiijrer  over  the  seene  of  tin-  jiieatest 
military  ev  Mit  of  modern  times.  M  Umg  as  men 
seek  out  the  Muuiumeiits  wliieh  murk  (iod's  eoveiiant 
with  His  peopl.  in  the  wilderness,  or  tlelve  after  the 
hurled  cities  of  the  plain,  wliieh  ILmier  RiniK':  as 
Ion.'  as  the  seuliitured  shafts  iind  ruined  nrehes  of 


i: 


!  !i 


TlIK   HCOl'K  OK    TUB   VKTOUY. 

,,,,:,„•..«  an,l  st:it.'.s...;msl.M.:  as  Unv^     .  M.n.Uhm 
I  W  t..rl..o  sl.Mll  dnnv  to  tlu-n.  XW  pil-nu.ajtes  ..f 

u  e  :;;;;;":o  Ion,, ^  >.>....•.  wn;;ue .-.. 

h.ittle    <M-..uu.l    ..f    iH"'h''-'>    I'.sU.vy    l.e     Uaveiseu, 
::;;L'^'ulreme.n.H.re.lV,yai.cU>les  and  lover.  ..f 

.livi,,!   -.ml    W.'sc.rii    .■Ivill/.all""    "as  seen.. I. 

V  ,'n  .,.'.,.■,  i...i..-.i»i  <•"»"!■'  «'•■■"  »"■;■";  "■""' 

:;:":;:s:;:s;s:r".*r:r:;;:,,«:.o^; 

tlK!  Wi-stcru  Worhl.   ami  ii   •    si"  - 
(.!U»e  a  posslhility. 

we   oinc.lSir  Henry  ClintonV  vletorious  av.ny  o. 

u'r-rLav.    ...h.     l^uropeun     p..we,^wou.. 

never  have  lent  their  ...'^s.stanee.       he  s,  .uk  or  n 
o  .endeneo    wonld  h..ve   been   ext,nj.M...shed   ...   the 

.,f    ..iwl   ilie  lai-oe  eoucept.oi..-^  of  l.ot.ij 
develop.nent,   and  tUt    '■'-  '  ,^   j,,^ 

•u.d  individual   manhood    \xhieh  .t    has  lan 
l.e  would  have  bee.,  postponed  for  centnr.es. 
If  the  history  of  any  spot  .U>on  the  good,  gree.. 


-~(iSi??J>i"w:;'i.».-:-i« 


TUB   VKTOKV. 

ilocnience  the  trliunplis  of 
ip  ;  as  loiijr  »s  MariitlK.u 
I,  tluMii  tilt'  piloriinaijcs  of 
lou^'.T,  will  the  greatest 
„  history  he  traversed, 
,y  lUsciples  ami   lover.s  of 

coiujie  of  Go.l."  with  his 
[eated,  from  Chaloiis,  the 
ICC   ami  barharism   tiirned 

civilization  wai*  secured, 
il  (iiiards  were  swept  from 
iterloo,  the  wave  of  despot- 
)  enj-ulf  all  Europe,  was 
„  the  veterans  of  r.iirgoyne 
„  the  heij:hts  of   Saratojra, 

nil.'  were   vaiu,uished   f«'r 
1  fi- .(-  self  liovernu'ent   be- 

,„,.rc    honest    reason    to  he 
„ts,    nor    jrreater    event   to 
,  Ameriea  in    its   Battle   of 
„c  snceeeded  here,  he  would 
•lintonV  victorious  aruiy  on 
European     powers    would 
ssistance.    The  si)ark  of  in- 
i,   been    extinjruished   in   the 
•v.     I'opidar  ,self-»overnmeni 
I  a  soil  so  favorable  for  its 
laroe  coneei)tions  of  liberty 
„d   which  it   has  tanjrht  the 
)ostpoued  for  centuries. 
-  spot  upon  the  good,   green 


THE  ?C()i'i;  (ir  tiik  victouy. 


29 


eartli  enlist  llic  interest  of  men  who  love  the  grand 
and  full  jiroJcctiou  of  freedom,  il  will  be  thai  of  Ihc 
hills  and  vales  wliere  marches  and  struggles,  tri- 
umphs and  defeats  of  contending  armies  settled  the 
destiny  of  countless  nnbtu'u  generations,  along  the 
Itorders  of  the  placid  Hudson. 

TIJl';    lOKTS    AT   SCIIL'VI.KUVIM.K. 

The  lirsl  fort  at  this  place  was  built  in  \1>MK 
Major  I'etcr  I'hilipp  Scliuylcr,  Mayor  of  All)aiiy,  on 
a  march  against  the  French,  at  Crown  Point,  built  a 
fort  below  FIsli  Creek,  on  the  west  bank  of  tlie 
Hudson,  which  he  <-alleil  Fort  Saratoga.  This  is 
said  to  Inive  been  tlielirst  use  of  the  name,  Saratoga, 
by  white  nu'i:.  This  fort  stotxl  until  174.").  when  it 
was  b\n-ned  at  the  sacking  of  the  )ilace  by  tlie 
Frencli. 

In  ITOJt,  during  the  war  between  the  F'rench  and 
Knglish,  following  the  accession  of  (iuecn  Anne, 
(.'ol.  Peter  Schuyler,  advancing  from  Albany  against 
Canada,  built  a  stockaded  wooden  fort  east  of  tlie 
Hudson,  opposite  Saratoga,  (now  Schuylerville). 
ami  near  the  Halten  Kil.  In  174(1-7,  Fort  Saratoga, 
which  had  been  burned  during  the  nnissacre  of  1745. 
was  rebuilt  on  the  west  of  the  river,  north  of  the 
mouth  of  Fish  Creek,  of  logs  and  hewn  tind)er.  It 
was  150x100  feet,  and  had  six  bhuk  houses  within. 
It  was  nami'd  Fort  Clinton,  after  Gov.  (jCo.  Clinton. 
This  was  abandoiu'd  ami  burned  by  the  English  in 
the  fall  of  1747.  In  1755,  says  Xeilson  in  his  sketch 
of  Burgoyne's  campaign,  the  Freneli,  under  (ien. 
Dieskau,  when  on  their  way  to  menace  Albany  and 
thus  waril  off  an  attack  on  Crown  Point,  built  Fort 
Hardy,  the  renniius  of  which  were  stamllng  at  Bur- 


30  TIIK   SC<»1'E  OF    TIIK   VICTOUV. 

jrovne-s  Rurren.ler.  Tl...  intren.-luuents  o,.n.,.u'.8 
about  15  acvs  ..f  oto,,...!  -it  the  north  u..-le  of  V  .sh 
Creek  uuil  IIiulsoii  Uivcr. 

THE    1IAU9IIAI.I.    ri.ACK. 

\o  visitor  will  fxil  to  see  this  famous  iiouse,  which 
was  the  seeue  of  .so  lUi.uy  brilli:.ut  experiem-es  j.ist^ 
prior  to  the  elosiufr  of  th-:  -rent  ennu.a.-n,  m.uI 
which  will  ever  live  iu  history  fn.n.  <»•••  J.^;=M'l"'-  '•- 
liueution  of  those  seeues  by  Ma.b.u.e  H.e.lesel  t la 
,„ost  sweet  nn.l  wouun.ly  eharaeter.  who  had  tin. 
pleasure  and  the  pain  of  *ket<hin-  them 

This  plaee  is  situated  on  the  Fort  hdwan  -tafrt 
road,  a  little  north  of  the  villaoe  linnts  It  was 
owned  dnrin-  the  Hevolntion  by  >»='J'"-  ''•;';;;";• 
who.  a  little  later.  17S7.  sol.l  it  to  Sa.n.u-l  sh 
,„  unele.  and  Samuel  Marshall,  father  o  the  l..t. 
AVilliam  B.  Marshall,  whose  wi.low  and  heirs  now 
own  and  reside  upon  the  place. 

The  frame  of  the  house  remains  unaltere.l.  and 
the  .'eneral  arrangement  of  the  ro.HUS  is  tl..'  same  as 
the  days  when  U  was  under  tire.  The  northeast 
odm,  in  Ihieh  Sur,eon  .Tones  was  killed  wh.le  nn- 
der-oinjr  an  amputation  of  the  lejr.  was  sonu-^hat 
llpaired  about  1S43,  und  the  ren,ainder  of  the  l^nse 
was  reboarded  and  roofed  anew  about  IM.S.  >N.tl 
these  alterations  the  liouse  remains  in  its  origu.al 

"'vbluT'two  o-eloek  in  the  afternoon  of  October 
tenth,  1777,  a  r.ule  calash  containing  '•-'  V"""*^,  •;"'; 
beautiful  Baroness  Kiedesel  an.l  her  three  ittle 
..iris  drove  up  to  this  house,  that  they  ndj^h  be  as 
Far  ren.oved  as  possible  fron.  the  danjrer  of  the  pu  - 
8„ln-  enemy.     Strefhing  away  to  the  southwest  lay 


IK   VICTIinV. 

trenclinieiits    occiii>i<M! 
lie  north  unfrle  <'f  1'""''' 


[,  ri.ACK. 

lis  famous  house,  wliiHi 

lliiUit  experiences  just 

•jreiit  eninimi;rn,  :»ntl 
•V  from  the  jTrajihie  th'- 

MiMhiine  Hiedesel.  that 
hanuter.  who  liail  th<; 
chinfi  them. 

tlie  Fort  Kdwanl  stajre 
viltat-e  limits.  It  was 
on  by  Miiji'i"  I':>>i«'"Ji- 
I  it  to  Samnel  Uiishee, 
linll,  father  of  the  hite 
'.  witlow   ami  heirs  now 

ee. 

remains  unaltered,  and 
the  rooms  is  the  same  as 
der  tire.  The  northeast 
nes  was  killed  while  nn- 

the  le<r.  was  somewhat 
3  remainder  of  the  hotise 

anew  about  IStiS.  With 
■  remains  in  its  orijrinal 

IP  afternoon  of  October 
witainiiiK  the  youn<i  and 
sel  and  her  three  little 
!■.  that  they  mijiht  be  as 
m  the  (lanjrcr  of  the  pur- 
iway  to  the  southwest  lay 


Tin;   MAltSIIAI.l-    I'LAlK. 


:n 


lJiir;>dyne"s  ISrilisli  troops,  and  the  German  Aiixili- 
itries,  re.stin;j  in  their  retreat  from  llie  battle  ;rround 
near  Hemis  llci<>lits.  KartJier  away  to  tlie  west 
were  .Morj-an's  famous  rillemeii,  takin^r  up  positions 
jilonj;'  IJurjroync's  front  and  Hank.  Just  across  the 
river  to  Ijie  east,  in  tJm  aulumn-tintetl  woods,  the 
forces  t)f  Coi.  Fdlows  wtue  tuiiiirinji  their  batteries 
to  bear  upon  the  foe  at  bay.  As  llie  party  halted 
before  IJu-  house,  some  soldiers  stationed  across  the 
river.  levelle<l  their  muskets.  Hastily  pushing  her 
children  to  tlie  bottom  of  tlie  waj>oii.  the  younjr 
mother  had  barely  time  to  throw  herself  down  be- 
fore the  bullets  of  these  sharp-shootiiijjf  Ami-ricans 
<!ame  whistliiif?  overlu'ad.  severely  woundin<;  a  sol- 
dier in  atfeiidauce.  The  house  was  soon  resorted  to 
by  the  other  ladies  of  the  army  and  some  wounded 
tioliliers.  No  sooner  had  tlicy  enteied  than  the 
Americans  stationed  (ui  the  heijtht.s  a(;ross  the  river, 
.seeing  the  <ratherin<r  and  supposinjr  the  |)lace  to  be 
the  British  hcadiiuarters.  trained  their  artillery  upon 
it  and  opened  a  lire  which  speedily  drove  the  in- 
mates to  the  cellar.  Here  Madame  lliedesei  lay 
«lowii  in  a  corner,  holdinij  the  heads  of  her  three 
children  in  her  lap  and  iiuietinjj  their  'ears  as  liest 
she  could,  while  the  tiring-  continued  outside.  The 
cellar  was  divided  by  plank  partitions  into  three 
apartments,  into  which  the  women,  wounded  olHcers 
and  soldiers  were  distributed  so  as  to  occui>y  as 
little  spai-e  as  possible.  Here,  huddled  tofrether. 
amiilst  the  cries  ami  firoans  of  the  wounded,  the 
darkness  and  damp  of  the  cellar,  and  the  stench  of 
the  wounds  and  a<'ciimulatin}^  tilth,  the  nijrlit  was 
passeil  in  terror.     Early  next  morning  the  tiring  was 


-Tr"^^as«Srss^ssrer!5B»«^-'«' 


:t-i 


THK   MAUSIIAI.I-    IM.At  i:. 


HMicwcl  with  more  severity  tluin  ever.     Hlcv.'.i  cim- 
„„n   balls   passed   thnu.-li  the   house  ^vilhil.  a  short 
tin,,..     Siirj:eon  .lones,  who  had  already  l.eeinvom.d- 
...1  s„  severely  as   to  re.inire  an  :niiiuilaliou   of   the 
ie..-   was  Iviu^'  on  u  tahle  in  Hie  northeast    room  ..ver 
tlie'eellar  in  the   midst  of    Ihe  oneralion.    wlien   a 
imssin-  eann.m  hall  earrie.l  away   ids  r.'maiuin;;-  leu-. 
He  was  then  ahaiidoiwd  to  die  in  a  eorner.     Coward- 
ly soldiers  endeavored  to  foree   their  way  mUo  the 
cellar    ami    with     diffleidly     restvidned.    «.Mnided 
otHeers   e.Mislantlv    hein-  hron-ht    in  for    nnrsin.!.-. 
sutTerin-.   thirst    and  death   inneiised   Ih-  horror  of 
the  situath.n.     Xo  one  dare.l  to  -m.  to  the  rivr  for 
water,  save  :i  soldier's  wif.-.  whose  sex  was  respeete.l 
bv  the  enemv.   and   who  w.Mit    down   re<rnlarly  and 
fetched    a  snndl  siii.i.iy,  unmolested  by  sharpshoot- 
ers across  the  rivers,     llorses  stood  rea-ly  saddled  at 
the  door,  provided  for  the  lianun-ss'  eseai)e  m  case 
furtlier   retreat    became    possible.     Only   ni.ou    the 
surremler   could    the    little    eomi.any    abandon    Ihe 
close  packin"'  box,  winch  had  b<en  at  (.nee  a  hospital, 
a  refu-.'  an.l  a  prison   for  so  nnu.y   <lreary   hours, 
from  Oct.  U)th  to  Oct.  17th. 

The  cannon  ball  whh'h  killed  Surjreon  Jones  was 
probably  tired  from  a  little  eminencce  across  the 
river  not  far  north  of  Hatten  Kil.  It  entered  the 
northeast  corner  of  the  house  and  passed  diafioually 
across  the  room  since  used  as  a  parlor,  th.'uce 
throu.'h  the  thick  plank  i.artition  of  the  hallway 
and  on  into  the  j-rouiid.  One  of  these  planks,  w hich 
was  cut  and  shattered  at  one  end  by  the  ball  in  its 
passaoe.  is  preserved  upon  the  premises  and  shown 
to  visUors.    One  of  the  rafters,  cut  partly  in  twain 


J 


-:';i 


I,    IM.Al  K. 

Iiiiii  t-ver.  Klcvi'ii  Ciiii- 
'  Imuse  within  :i  short 
1(1  aliTiitly  been  wdiinil- 
:in  aniinitntitiii  of  tin' 
ic  iKUlliciist  room  oviT 
lie  oDciMlio'i,  wlicii  a 
way  (lis  rciiiaiiiiii;;-  It'ii'. 
■  III  a  coriiiT.  Coward- 
ice tlicir  way  'oto  the 
rest  vail  It'll.  \\oiiii(1<m1 
„iiohl  ill  for  Miiisiiiu-, 
iiicirastMl   tln'  liovfor  of 

to  V'"  '"'  ''"'  '■'^'''''  '^"'" 
vhosc  sex  was  rcspfctcil 
lit  down  refridarly  and 
iiolcslcd  hy  sliaipshoot- 
;  stood  ready  saddled  at 
Uaroness"  e.-seape  in  casi; 
ssihlo.  Only  \iiion  tin* 
(•(nn|>any  abandon  the 
I  lieeii  at  once  a  hospital, 
so  many   dreary   hours, 

lied  Snrjrcon  Jones  svas 
1'  einineneee  across  the 
ten  Kil.  It  entered  the 
se  and  passed  (liafjonally 
■d  as  a  jiarlor,  thciK'C 
lartition  of  the  hallway 
lie  of  these  jdanUs.  which 
c  end  by  the  ball  in  its 
the  {ireinises  and  shown 
ers,  cut  partly  in  twain 


1 


TIIK   MAUPHAI.I,   I'LACK. 


38 


by  ii  i)ii!>»liijr  shell.  WHS  ivniDVcd  from  its  i.liuc  in 
the  frame  while  repiih-injr  the  lioiise  in  1S(!S.  iind  is 
iilso  preserved  iiixm  tlie  ])rcmises.  In  diirfrin;.'  f<>i'  n 
small  addition  to  the  eellar  in  18(iS,  a  small  shot  was 
found  Imbedded  in  the  earth,  wldeh,  from  its  position, 
is  siip|)08ed  to  be  tlieone  whieh  eut  the  rafter  above. 
Several  other  shot  and  l)its  of  shell  ]>louj;hed  n|)  on 
the  farm  are  shown.  Also  a  larjje  ^rold  eoin  bearinjj 
the  tljrure  and  inscription  of  Georjre  III,  and  on 
the  reverse  side  the  British  arms  and  an  inscrijition 
with  the  date,  1770.  .V  enrioiis  old  Hint  lock  musket 
with  bayonet,  whieh  was  earried  in  the  war  Ity 
Abrain  Marshall,  jrrandfather  of  the  late  William 
B..  may  also  be  seen. 

The  hujre  jmiu'  beams  overlyinj;  the  eellar.  one  of 
the  front  doors  of  the  ancient  hall-way,  the  piece  of 
rafter  and  plank  above  described,  and  the  curious, 
heavy  front  door  lock  which  now  protects  the  car- 
riajte  house  from  li;;ht-tin<fered  nocturnal  travelers, 
are  all  as  sound  and  well  preserved  as  when  the 
house  was  built  more  than  a  century  ajr".  Oae  of 
the  partition  walls  of  the  cellar  renniins  exactly  as  it 
stood  durinjr  the  cannonade.  Another  has  been  re- 
moved and  the  cellar  bottom  cemented.  Aside  from 
this  it  remains  unchanged. 

The  cellar  as  at  present  kept,  lifrht.  clean  and 
sweet,  with  rows  of  shiniiif!:  milk  ])ans.  heavy  laden 
with  thick  cream,  and  its  ^reat  fruit  bins  sujrficstive 
of  rich  harvest  stores,  seem  spacious  and  inviting 
enough  to  lure  the  visitor  to  residence— and  form  a 
l)icture  of  the  charms  of  peace,  in  strong  contrast  to 
the  dark  and  bloody  scenes     .  war  enacted  by  the 


i, 
I 

V 


^?mSWS^w^J:tt^f-'>:  (.jaA^?;^ 


34 


■rilK    MAUSIIAI.I.     I'l.M  K. 


frijil.t-MMMl    l..-.ple   who   croNv.h..!    th.-n.   u   l.un.Ur.l 
yciiis  iigo. 

niK   SCIHYI.Klt    MAN>IO\. 

\t    the  soutlHTii  liiuil.-   of   S,l.uyl.Tvillc,  .m   th.' 
l.ink  of  FisliCn-cU.  slamls  iIm-  famous  <"m.lr.V  lions.- 
of  (J.MUMul  Pl.ilil.  Scl.nyUM-.  ;.  |.la.-.-  of  unfair...-  .n- 
t,.n'st  to   II..'  l.isto.ia..  a...l  t.av.ll.M- ;  ..ot  on  y  on 
,„.....n,.t  ..f  tl...  sci-nes  wl.h-h  have  I..-.-.,  .-..a.f.l  ...-a.- 

■„.  iM.t  also  on  ar..<.unl  ..f  th.«  ..ol.l.-  .•l....-a.'tn- so  ...- 

li.naU-lv  associal.Mlwitl.  it. 
Th..  chain  of  title  to  it  is  ..ot  witho..t  .....•.••■st.     li 

l(iS3     .•.■.•tain    Mohawk    S..rh..M.s   ......vy..!    Ihe  "  "I 

Sa,-at..-u    h.u.ti..-    ^Tou...l    to   ('...•...•lius   \;.n   l>yl^. 
,1,,..  .Ia,.s..n  U1,-..U.-.-.  r.-t.M-  l'l.ili|.i.s..n  S.^L.tyU-f  a...l 
Joha..n.'ss  W,M..U-11  :  a  .,uit-.-lai...  was  also  l.a.l  f.-o... 
a  ....nnant  ..f  the  Mohi.-a..s.  ..f  a..y  .ifil.ls  th.'y  ...ijiht 

have  i..  the  lan.ls  ;  thenM.pon  (iov.    IX.i.Jjan  issue.!  .» 
„„,„t  fo.-  th.-se  lan.ls  to  sai.l  -.'ant.'.-s  a...l  th.-iras- 
s...-iat.-s.  Dvi-lek  Wessell.  Davi.l  S.huyle.-  a...l  Ko  .e.;t 
Livin.'St.M.'e.     Next  yea.-  th.-se   ..NVi.e.'s  ....-t  an-l  .1- 

vl,l...rthe   lan.ls   int..  seven  pairels.   f..,-  whi.'h   they 
oMSt  l.)ts      Lot  Xm.ilMM-  Fiv.,-.  all  the  lan.l  west  ..f  the 
ll,„ls..n  an.l  north  of   Fish  C.eek,   on  whi.l.  S.h..y- 
l.Mville  now  stan.ls,    was  .haw.,  l.y   Hohe.t   I..v.n-- 
,t.......     Lot  Nu...l.e.-  F...n-.  s..uth  ..f  Fish  (reek  an.l 

west  ..f  th.-  Uu.ls....,  fell  to  .lohan..es  Wen.lell,  who 

bv  his  will  in  Killl,  'l^-vi^<-tl  it  «'  ''"'^  '^""-  ^^'"-ahan. 
W..,..lell.  In  170->,  Ah.aha.n  S..1.1  it  to  Johannes 
S.-huvl.-r.  who  built  the. .1.1  bvi.k  .nansion  uu.l  sev- 
eriil  mills  and  otherwise  .l.'velope.l  a...l  i...i)r..v.'.l  he 
p,,,,,er.v.  lli.s  80..S.  I'hili,.  a...l  .loh...  Jr..  s.,e.  e.'.le.l 
hi.,,  in  the  ownership  of  this  i,...perty.  an.l  1  h.l  p, 
unele  of  General  IM.ilip   Sel.uyle.-.    .esi.kHl   in    th.s 


J 


TIIK.    S(  III  VI. Kit   MANMON. 


33 


l'l.\<  K. 

led    llii'iii    It   liiiiidn'tl 

IAN>IOX. 

SclmyltTvill"',  <"•  l'»' 
fuiii()iis<'<'iiiitry  lioiisf 
(ilacc  of  unfailiii;!  ii»- 
■iivcHit;  n"t  only  <>ii 
ivf  liffll  clliiclcd  iiciir 
luiltlc  cliiiractcr  so  ii>- 

f  witlitMit  iiiltTcst.  In 
■ms  coiivcycil  iIk'  <>!'• 
I  (onu'liiis  Van  l>yU. 
lilipiisi'n  Scliuylt'r  aii<l 
aim  wan  als"  Iwid  fn>ni 
'  any  ri^ilils  they  inijilit 
(iov.    Donjrau  issued  n 

^rrantffs  and  their  ns- 
Id  Sclmylt'i-  and  Uoliert 
se  owiuMs  met  and  di- 
nrccls,  for  which  <li«y 
all  llieland  west  of  tin' 
iffk.  on  wliicli  Siliiiy- 
ivvn  liy  HolK'rt  I/ivin<r- 
,uth  of  I'ish  Crcfli  and 
■loliaiini'S  Wendell,  who 
it  to  his  son.  Al>rahaui 
III   sold   it   to  Johannes 

briek  mansion  and  sev- 
elojicd  anil  improved  the 
iiid  .lohn,  Jr..  succeeded 
is  property,  and  rhilip, 
•liuvler.    resided   in    this 


nian-iioii.  until  tie  wiis  slain  in  the  massa'-ie  of  171.'). 
Uisnei.hi'w.  tii'ii.  IMiilip  Schuyler,  of  Flevolutlonary 
fami'.  inherited  it.  ami  on  his  death  in  ISdl,  It  fell  to 
his  lirolher.  John,  and  from  John  to  his  son.  I'hilip. 
nephew  of  the  tjelieral.  IMiilip's  lepreseulatives 
eonvcyed  it  to  Col.  (ieorjre  St  rover,  whose  heirs  now 
own  Ihe  place,  and  whose  dail;'lilcr.  .Mrs.  John  II. 
Low  lier,  resides  on  it. 

When  Hurjfoyne  reached  hereon  his  icireal  from 
Heinis  llcij-lits  he  took  possession  of  tin'  old  mansion 
for  his  headiinarters.  and  while  the  slorm  lieat  with- 
out ami  his  Ininjrry  soldiers,  wearied  with  maK'hinj;', 
lay  down  to  sleep  in  wet  >rarments  upon  the  sodden 
Viouiid.  the  house  jrleameil  with  li;:hts  and  ranj-'  w  illi 
merriment  and  clinking'  j-lasscs.  The  eonimander, 
with  his  mistress  and  s  mii-  Itoon  comp.inions  spent 
the  ni<;ht  in  nierryniakin};-,  drinkinjr  and  carousing  ; 
sipianderinjr  Ihe  precious  hours  in  which  he  shoidd 
have  been  preparin<;-  his  troops  for  tlijihi.  or  takiiijr 
precautions  for  defence.  Oclolicr  11.  1777.  the  old 
hriek  house  was  hurned  hy  Huiffoyne's  orders  upon 
the  plea  that  "he  was  afraid  the  .Vmericun  forces 
would  make  some  move  under  cover  of  the  hmise." 

The  present  house  was  tiuilt  hy  oriler  of  (ien. 
(in\e»,  within  a  few  days  after  the  surrender.  Kx- 
cavations  made  within  a  year  or  two  have  hrouj-ht 
to  liiilit  the  c(dlar  walls  of  Ihe  old  immsion,  and 
many  relics,  such  iis  knivcss.  shears  and  othi-r  relics 
were  found  in  the  ruins.  The  old  house  stood  a 
little  easterly  of  the  present  one.  The  present 
house  is  practically  iinchanjied  in  appearance  since 
hni  linjr,  smd  is  of  ample  prop(uli<uis.  .Many  inter- 
est  ■■■<;  relics  are  there  preserved  and  shown   to  visi- 


.J,,  rill-.  «ClirVI.|-,U  MANSION. 

,.,r.  will.  «re«t  .•ou.i.-sy.   n..lNvill..«'ta.Mllnv;  !»«•'  !'>!- 
f,.rlii>r  of  vuliiiilile  iirluU!"  licn'U.for.'. 

An.onj;tl,Hna.euKW..nl...n-l.Mlut  th.  battle  of 
B....nln-U.n  l.V  a..  aUl.-  of  (;.-...  Sta.U.  wMl.  a  nwonl. 

bv.lolu.Stn.vn-    fatli.T  of  Col.   (i-"r>r--  ^     '^  '•  ^  » 

,.,u  partook  .lurlnfr  a  visit  lo  (i.-u.  S.l.ny  .-  .  lu 
L:.lranUaplu,.fn.mUH..une..e.uUlfu  ..^^^^^^ 
„.,vi.'."  NV.n-  tak.^n  l.y  so.nu  va.ulal  vlHitor.  A  st.l  .)r 
^f         ll -h-Ih  um.ar.h...!  fn.m  . .-liar  oh.. 

;L..h..lls,,nM..s-,..!.lnulk..n.in,.r.«^^^^^ 
.„.,.    „„,,,  ,„„  of  a  knot  of  W00.1.  ...  ll.-  >  ••  ' 

n    .  a  bn-a.l  l-wl.   :J  f-'t   i"  .•in-.n-f"-"...-.  .l"f' 
;..soua.UM...tofak.,ot..fwo.,.;a..i.....^^^^^^^^ 

oLn.,ilk..owl.o.aofw..i..l..h.«n.a,..n...fa 
•ae  his  l..-.-a.l  a...l  n.ilk.  wh.-.   a  hoy;  a  hl...W  1,.. 
;.-l.    c..nhroi.UM-.-.l    hy   l.a...l.    ovn-    100    y.-nn  o     • 
.evral  ;tohl  rl..«..  150  ya.s  ohl  ;  a  ,Mass  h.-ll  k,.     . 
fvo...l.:- house  :.f   U.......li..    A.-..ohl;  a  -l-l'"-       • 

;:„...V..n.Ca..sa,ia.l7.7."onon.sh.an^o 

other,    a.,    m-utehc-o..    a,..l    .nott<.  :      K.     1 1«'"  .u 

''Then    theie   are    a    ...is..ella..eous    a««o,....e,a   of 
,,,^;;:;.to...ahawkHlnsto.-e;s,.n.ean.whe.^^^^^^^ 

Ln-Sre  eifrht-lueh   shell,  a,.  iro„    wee.    "^«'  ""   '   ;' 
■enj^e,  ;   pHviliea    ho,.eyeon.h.    a  str...,^  o         as 

^;;e  ul:;^.nee  l-.u-kles.  a  Ix.lt  fro.n  »•---;'- 
of  Gen.  Seh..vle,-s  ohl  ho„..>.  an  ..-..n  pnne>  f  .nt  t   e 
Vl.l  .      1.  an  c,l.l-fashio..e.l  clo..r  kn...ker,  an  ohl  b     - 
:  la   with  ain.i,y  envtalns   an.l   valances,    a   b...ss 


illisliiiHUnj.'  Ill**  )>n- 

iforc. 

•|,mI  iit  th<'  Iditlle  of 

>tiirU,  wUli  a  Hwonl. 

il  ill  till-  Ufvoliilioii 
.  (i»'(>ijro  Sliovcr ;  » 
s  Hiilddi'ii.  AViisliinjf- 
licu.  Stliiiyh'r.    'I'lic 
itiiie  l.fiinllful   chiiiii 
iliti  vlHitor.     A  strliiji 
,tii  tin-  ci'llar  of    111'' 
•   Imclilfs.     finibhin^ 
lU  sirnhifr.  m>  iiiflu's 
I  (,f  wood,  ill  111"'  yi'uv 
1  (•irfiiiiifcnMifc.  (lal»' 
uf  wood  :  a   l>liii-fol- 
llic  irvcal-tri"a'"'fi'''"''" 

i,  Imy  ;  a  Idai'k  lacf 

ovor  lttt»  >■'•'•''»  "'•'  ■• 
Id  ;  a  jtlass  litdl  Uiioli. 
,niold  ;  a  coihut  I'oin. 
iioiu!  Hide,  and,  on  the 
notK.  :  "K.     riiuilms 

aiieous  assort  iiu'iit  of 
stone  arrow  hi'ads,  a 
oil  wet'd  axe,  nii  iron 
ad),  a  Ktriiifr  of  Itrass 
(jnaw's  ttrave,  a  silver 
t  from  the  burned  door 
an  iron  pulley  from  the 
x.r  knocker,  an  old  bed- 
luul  valances,   a   brass 


n.idiron  and  tou^s,    a  Id.-kory  ehair  ov-r  KM.  j-ar^ 

"''v'b'tler  addrewd  from  (J^m.  SrhuyW-r  to  .lohn 
ll'iiiroek,    I'reMdent    ..f    the    Continental    «  onjrres.^ 

"Z.     <;et.     I..    ':.;,   i    -itt.u    f-n,     Sarato,. 

nskinsi  "that  proviMoiis  be  sent  Hi  oi.ee.  s  .ilso 
;ho;:n.  so  is  a  remarkable  .et,er^.ritte..yo.H^ 
K      Mattoon.   Ks.,.   of     Amherst.    Mass.      I  hi-*   M. 

„;.„.  ,,,.„.  otiieer  lu  th..  •^"'•"•'-'"  ■"•'">;• ,, 

urites  to    rhlllp   Sehuyler  and    slate      .heiein  that 

-•         .l.esiJverwonhl   hav pture.l   n..r,n>ym. 

„„,  ,.e  m.t  followed  the  plans   of  .;en.  Sehuyler  and 

taken  his  advice." 

■     Conspieuo„saii.o«jr.heboldband.   of   lories  who 

,„f..,. Mi  Ihe  Hmlson  valley  durin,  the  Kevoluti.ni 
las  Thomas  Lovelace,  a  man  of  , neat  eoura,...  sie 

,,,a  energy,  and  one  mmh  feared  amo,.,. he  pa. i- 
„|s  In  company  with  four  companions  he  xn as 
1  ...prised  one  mornin.  by  three  yeomei.  while  lymjr 
-  ...  eam.-tire  in  a  Mrest  retreat.  He  was  bound 
•vn.l  taken  to  the  barracks  oii  or  near  the  present  site 
of  Sc  uvlerville.  f..r  trial  by  court  martia  .  Me  was 
l.vict;d  as  a  spy  and  haiifjed  a  few  rods  south  of 

the  Shuvler  mansion,  and  buried  ...  a  s.aiid...^ 
„ostu,-e.  Some  years  aj^o  h.  di-lnjr  Jt.-avel,  th. 
..,„„..«  we.e  found  ..ear  the  oak  stump  at  the  spot 
i;.;;;;ated  to   C«l.  Strover  by  his  father.  (Who  w.. 

,„ese..t  .U  the  execution)  as  the   bur.al    place.     Ihe 
skull  is  shown  at  the  mansion,  al.nost  as  sm.,.d  as 
wheulmrled.     Sad  emi  of  a  brave  man  !  his  b 
..avebeen  parted  by  stra.it.e,s.  a.id  even  h.s  teeth 
stole.-  f.-o...  their  sockets  bj;  curious  gazers. 


»» 


vnxte.H'*  luuiAi.  iM.ACf:. 


Willie    llnKl.•nln^'    I"    mi|.|...rt    IIm-   • I f    <'"' 

ItilllHli  iinny.  <»ii  Hi"  iifliTiiooii  "f  «)«li.lifr  m-voiilli, 
Fni/.cr.  iiioiiiitwl  on  a  ^muv  Ii<>w.  Ii»'fiiiiu'  .•..iih|.Iiii- 
.«iH  to  III.- Amcrl.uMM.  l...tli   !•>•   >il''  conra-.' iiii.l   lii^ 

i„n ,•••  ii|M.iith.-H|,irll-'<.niisln'<.pN.     I!.'i(.>;nl/.iii>i 

the  iif(Tsi.ilv  for  liiH  nuM.viil.  Mi.i>r,iii  plm.Ml  ii  fr\\ 
of  Ills  .H.'l'.ratni  rllh-iiH-ii  in  Hn-  ImihIi.s,  witli  iu- 
mnictloMH  to  cut  him  off.  In  u  «lioit  tlnic  In-  \viii» 
shot  llirou^'hlln-  ImmIv.  pioliahly  l.v  Timothy  Mur- 
phy, one  of  Moipin's  Knicsl  shols.  iind  wiis  .onvi'vcl 
to  tin-  Tiiylor  lion"",  m-ar  Ih."  rlv.T.  a  lilll«-  H.nlh  of 
WillMM-V  "llaHlii.  ll.Tf  Ma.lamt-  |{itil.sel  had  pn- 
p„n.,l  a  .liun.T  for  Ih.-  ..Illc-n'.  which  wa.s  ,-lamlinjr. 

(.arlly    s.tvciI.   npon  Ih.-  tuhle.    wh.n    | r    Fra/..-r 

wan  iM-on-ht  in  ni-.italiy  \vonn.l.-.l.  Th.-  tahic  was 
n-mov.Ml.  a  I..-.1  pn-|mr.'(l,  lui.l  .-vci-y  attention  shown 
him.  nm  Ih.-ltoll.'l  hail  pa^wcl  th^oll^••h  his  vitali*. 
iin.l  he  tli.-.l  imfly  next  morniny:  in  jrn-ul  a^nmy. 
A.Mveahlv  lo  his  last  innicst.  Im-  was  ImiiIc.I  at  six 
oVi.Mk  \u  Ih.-  .-v.-ninfr.  in  tin-  easterly  "(licat 
|{.-.|onl)t,"  whi.h  form.-.!  the  sti.mfrfst  part  ..f  Ih.^ 
Hiitish  Intr.-nchim-nts  on  Hit'  hills  near  the  riv.-r. 
The  Ani.-rieans.  not  nml.-rstan.rmfr  the  nature  of  the 
.ralherinsr.  .ipened  lin-  from  acroKs  Ih.-  riv.-r  u|)on  Ih.- 
hurinl  partv.  an.l  while  the  Chaplain  r.-a.l  the 
service  overthe  remains.  Ii.)stil.  shots  were  pl.mjih- 
Injr  the  earth  :it  his  f.-et.  ami  covel•in^'  the  party 
wfth  the  .lust  whi.h  they  threw  up.  Fittiuf;  funeral 
for  the  hravesol.ller'  As  Hie.lesel  said  of  it,  "A 
real  military  funeral.  :>m.I  one  that  was  inii<iue  of  its 
kind." 

Th«  pl.-iee  of  hiirhil  was  on  the  hijrh  ■rroun.l  north 
ahout  a  half   mile  from  Wilher's   liasin,  ab.mt  an 


1 


i.ACf:. 

Ilf     CfllllC    of     lll« 

r    OcldluT  KCVI'lllll, 

ln'fllllU'  f(lllH|ll(ll- 

H  coiirajjc  niitl  lii* 
lopN.  Ki-('();:iii/.itiK 
r>fiui  pliio'il  ii  ft'w 

■  ImihIm's,  witli    iii- 

<ll<llt    lllllt'    lu'    \vit>« 

liy  'linii.iliy  Mni- 
mikI  whs  toiivcyfd 
■r.  ii  lilllf  imrlli  of 
l{lt'(l»'!*el  liati  iiif- 
ilcU  witH  utiimrmjr. 
rtlicii  poor  Frii/.tT 
il.  The  tiil)l«'  wiH 
ry  iitl»'iitiiiii  slidwii 
throu^fh  his  viliils. 
rr  in  ^rrt'iit  iijfimy. 
•  \VM«  Imi-icd  nl  fix 

■  ciistcrly    "(irfiit 

iils  lu'iir  the  river, 
iji  ttie  lliltilie  of  llie 
.«  llie  river  upon  the 
(hHpliiiii  read  tlie 
shots  were  phtiifih- 
coverin^'  tlie  party 
ip.  Fittiiifi  funeral 
jsel  Hiiitl  of  it,  "  A 
at  was  iiiii(iiie  of  its 

■  hijrh  }iroiuul  north 
•"s   liasin,   about  an 


VIlAZKIlN  ni  111  At.   imack. 


S» 


».l.rhth  of  a  mile  from  the  river.  TiiH  twin  i-ino 
t.res  are  pointed  (Hit  as  n«arl<lu;r  H>"  M'""-  :""'•' 
,„.,„„„„.„1  has  lately  I.een  set  up  th.^re  (o  jfulde  llie 
traveler  to  Ihe  ^rave  of  the  ^r;,|lanl  (ieneral.  so  i.loi- 
i/ed  l.y  his  trooi)S.  and  so  reverently  resp.eled  l.y 
ids  enemies. 

TIIK    HAUATtHiA   Ml»N»'MKNT. 
This  splendid    and    Iniposin^r   siruelnre    ha«   heeii 
prononiMM-d  l.v  eonii)eient  jndjres  one  of  the  lin.wt,  if 
not,  Indeed,  the  llnest  of   Its  kind  in    Ih.-   world.     It 
was  erected  l.v   the   "Sjratojfa   Monnnn-:*.,   Assoela- 
,i.,„  "  ,1  eorpoiation  ereated  for  that   purpose,  under 
.-1  perpetual  ehiirler  from   the  Stale    .f   New  \  ork. 
The  (.l.jeet  of  its  promoters  was   llir    ,, reservation  in 
.rranite.    slaluarv    and    allei?(M-ieal    |.ielures    of   the 
Xation-s     trrealesi     .'rlsis.       The    Assoeialion     was 
formed    in    l.s.V.l,    hut  eomparaliv.dy    lillle    was   ae- 
,.,Hnplishe,l  until  ahout   W'^.  slnee   whieh  time  de- 
V„.us    have    I.een  perfected,    land   s.-eured    and   the 
simfl  ereeled  and  enii.ellished  and  jjroun.ls  improve.l. 
The  monument  stiimls  np(.n  the  erowninj;  hei),'ht 
of  IJui-mvne's  inlrenehed   eamp.  near   the  surrender 
,r,„uud  of  Saratojra.  lowerin^r  al.ove  the  level  of  the 
viver  more  than  four  hundred  feet,  and  e(.mmai.din^' 
„  view  of    the  hattie   Held  and  other  historie  spots, 
for  manv  miles  in  all   direetions.     Its   arehlteetnre 
combines  the  Gothic  and  K^^yplian  elements.     The 
base,  with  its  f,n-a<'eful  arehes  and  artislie  }.al.les,  its 
statuary    and    ornaments,    eommemorutive  of    the 
events  and  men  that  f<.rnied  Ihe  history  of  that  pc 
rio,i,  represent  the  (iothie  element  (.f  the  slriietiire. 
Till!   massive  shaft,  towerinj?    above   the   surrender 


-■wiviiiJ  riiTj.i. 


1 


4(1  THK   SAllATOGA   MONUMKVI'. 

^vou.Hl  con^uKMuonvtlve  of  Victory,  .^.ow.  the  Egyp- 
nan  t>i.t.     ir  «.  -       ,,    ,,hiun.    Architect,  of 

.T,,,ey  City,    'n^e  .-on.en-  .«tone  w.s  1.  d    >  t      • 
n„.sinir...iHtiirya.«l  rivi.- c-erenKin.e*.,  by  •  •  -■  («  "     ' 
G ru.a  MHster  of  Mu-   Masonic  Grau.l  Bo.ty  of   th.^ 
^UcofNcwVo.-i<.out..ec..ntc...nai=u>mvW 

Biiraovne's  sumi.>l«%  October  1<,  l^u,  ami  the 
^"Swo.ic-.vaseo.u,.lc'tecW  without  a  .u„le  ace. 

''!^x::rt  r::fy  feet ......  or  ,>.... ite, 

n..  IV  -ixe.!,  a.ul  t».e  shaft  of  Oark  j-raiuu-,  ro..jjl. 
nearly  .iacii,  <i">'  ...,Ku.a  ris<> 

hew.,.  Over  the  ei.t.'anees  ....  each  s..le.  f^'''>';«  "*^ 
to       hrf.HU  of   ..early   fo.ty  feet,    .•e.ti..jr  at  the  r 

v.,!s  at«.chconu-rof  the  str.,ct„re.  ..pon  gra.i.te 
A;^;    wi.h    fohh.l    wi..j.s,    ...easuri..<r  ^eve,.   fee 

uioss'the  back.  'n.e  con.ice.-  of  all  the  .loo.s  an.l 
:.Xvi^...t.,po..poHshea.raniteeoi^nu.^^^^ 

Pivvetl  cai.itals.  over  each  entrance,  N-.th.n  th.^ 
;:^:'i;:\.iche,ese,.eaforstat..a.T.     intln-eeo 

these   seven  foot  bronze  stat.ies  are  placed  ;  Ge.  e  al 
s:in;ie,^iooki...    east;0;.eraiM...g=.n^^lo^^^^^ 
west-    Gene.-al    Gates,    facii.fr    ..oi'th.     Ihe  fon.  Ii 
iche   f  .cin^  to  the  iiehl  <.f  his  n.ost  brilliant  deeds. 
;-   wouhl  have   done  honor  to   Ar..old  had   he 
t  death  ..pon  f.e  Held,  is  a..d  will  ^^-w   ■•  I-VP^^ 
„al  dechu-ation  that  t.-eachcy  ca..  neve   be  fo.u.  en 
a  general  of  the  r..i.ed  States.     The  Mrst         > 
itories    are    adorned    with    tablets    a,.d    h.sto,,  a 
S  ..-es.  east  in  b.-on/e,  ulto  relie.vo.  rep.-esent„.g    he 
;:le.;tal  citizens  a..d  soldiers,  the  p..^..^^^^^ 
can.paijr..,    .u.d    the    principal    characte..    of     the 
period. 


THE   SAKATOliA    MDNL'MKNT. 


41 


ry.  sliows  the  Egyp- 

iuid  m-ectwl  iimlei- 

clijun.    Architect,  of 

Wiis  luiil  with  ini- 

,ie»,  l)y  .> .  .1.  Couch, 

;;iiiutl  Boily  of   the 

iiuii'l  amiiv<MSiiry  of 

17,   1S77,    anil   the 

thodt  rt  sinjtle  acci- 

e,  of  lijrht    jrrauite. 
(lark  jiTaiiiie.  roiisli 
■ach  sUle.  frahlfS  rise 
eet,    restiiijr  si*   *l'*'''" 
K'tiire.  upon  granite 
leasiirino;  seven  feet 
of  all  the  iloors  ami 
ranite   colsiiiins  with 
jntrance,    within    tlie 
tatnaiT.     In  three  of 
!  are  iiiaced  ;  General 
ml   Morgan,   looking 
north.     The  fo\irtli 
<  most  brilliant  deed*. 
)!•  to   Arnold  liad   he 
1(1  will  stand  a  perpet- 
caii  never  he  forgi^  en 
^tates.     The  first  two 
iblets    and     historical 
•lievn.  representing  the 
rs,  the  progress  of  the 
1    characters    of    the 


On  tin"  lower  IhMir,  to  the  left  as  yon  enter,  is 
presented  tin;  tlrst  bron/.e  relief.  In  the  granite 
block  or  slab  beneath  it  (a  similar  one  lu-ing  under 
all  others  also)  is  cut  the  following:  "  (icorge  III 
and  his  ministers  devising  methods  for  enforcing  the 
unjust  taxation  of  tiie  American  colonists." 

Under  the  next  :  "The  town  meeting.  The  ih-o- 
ple  instituting  the  means  of  self-goveriuneut  for  the 
protection  of  th(;ir  natural  rights." 

The  third  :  "  Tlie  Ladies  of  the  Hritish  court.  Idle, 
effeminate,  sensuous,  extravagant  and  wasteful  ;  de- 
nnnding  for  thaiv  support  the  taxing  of  the  col- 
onists." 

The  fourth  :  •'  Women  of  the  Revolution,  177(!. 
Industriims,  selif-dcnying.  frugal,  clothing  and  feed- 
ing themselves  and  their  families  and  giving  aid  and 
comfort  to  an  army  of  defence." 

The  fifth  :  "The  rally  of  the  people  for  the  de- 
fense of  their  just  rights,  which  resulted  in  the 
estaldishnient  of  popular  govennnent." 

The  sixth  :  General  Schuyler  felling  trees  to 
ol)8truct  the  nnirch  of  the  British  army." 

The  seventh  :  "  Mrs.  Gen.  Schuyler  setting  fire  to 
her  wheat  lield  to  inevent  its  use  by  the  enemy." 

The   eighth  :     "  Wives  of  the  British  olHcers  ac- 
conipanyhig    the   aruiy    in   its    march    through  the 
wilderness." 
At  the  head  of  the  stairs  on  the  next  lloor  are  : 
First :    "  The  nntssaere  of  Jane  MeCrea." 
Second  :      •'  Gen.    Burgoyne     reprimanding     the 
Indians  for  their  barbarities." 

Third:  "General  Schuyler  turning  over  his 
coaiiuand  to  Gen.  Gates." 


I 


42 


THK   SARAHKiA    MONUMKNT. 


Fourth  :    "  Ftill  of  Gen.  Fni/.er." 

Fifth  :  "Womuling  of  Gen.  Arnohl  in  tlie  IJnnis- 
wifk  redoubt." 

Sixth:  ••  The  passage  of  Lsuly  Harriet  A(kland 
under  a  flag  of  truce  to  visit  lier  husband.  woun(!ed 
and  a  prisoner." 

Seventh  :    "  Burial  of  Gen.  Frazer." 

Eighth  :    "  The  surrender." 

Room  lias  been  provided  for  19  more  figures  In 
bron/.e,  all  of  which  will  be  added  soon. 

Fine  bron/.e  busts  of  Hon.  Horatio  Seymour.  Hon. 
Hamilton  Fish  and  Hon.  John  H.  Starin.  early 
presidents  and  promoters  of  the  Monument  Associa- 
tion, .'race  tlie  flrst  floor.  An  iron  stairway  leads 
up  about  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  to  the  highest 
windows  which  conunand  a  most  charnung  view  of 
the  Hudson  valley  and  neighhoriug  villages.  The 
extreme  height  of  the  grainte  worliis  one  hundred 
and  fltty-four  feet. 

At  tlie  entrance  to  the  grounds  a  large  cannon, 
said  to  have  been  taken  from  the  British  in  tlie  war 
of  1812,  and  bearing  the  British  crest,  stands  guard 
over  the  treasure  within. 

In  1806.  the  Saratoga  Monument  Association, 
passed  ovJr  its  title  and  control  of  the  structure  to 

the  State  of  New  York. 
No  grander   educational    ediflce    has    ever  been 

erected,   nor  will   the  country's  memory  furnish  a 

theme  more  worthy  to  be  chronicled  in   brass  and 

stone,    nor  one   upon    which   the  symi)athy   of  the 

Nation   is   more    heartily  agr 1.   than    those   here 

embodied. 


i 


L'MKNT. 

lutld  ill  the  liniiis- 

Haniet   Ackhiiul 
luisbiind.  wouiit'ed 

wr." 

19  more  ligiivt'S  in 

I  80011. 

ilio  Seynionr,  lion. 
II.  Staiiii,  <':irly 
loimiiieiit  Assofiii- 
•1)11  stairway  leads 
feet  to  the  liiijliest 
;  cliamiinu;  view  of 
ring  villages.  Tlie 
urU  is  one  linndred 

lis  a   large  cannon, 

Britisli  in  the  war 

crest,  stands  gnaid 

iinent    Association, 
of  tlie  structure  to 

ice  has  ever  lieen 
1  memory  furnish  a 
uieled  in  hrass  and 
16  sympathy  of  the 
d.   than    those   here 


1 


o 
o 


H 

O 

Oh 
< 


51    ^ 


oi 


H 


MAP  OF  KATTLE   GROUND   AXD  C'AMl'S, 
OCTOHEK  7,   1777. 


The  numbers  refer  to  iiuiiilK'rs  on  map  on 
opposite  pnge. 


l_Will)er*8  Basin 

2— Great  lleilouht.  Frazer's  Burial  Place 

3_Fre('man  Farm  and  Cottage •  •  • 

4_Breyman'8  Hill,  Great  Re«!(mbt 

5_Fra/.er  Wounded 

C— Britisli  Line  of  Battle 

7— Morgan's  Troops 

8— Dearborn's  Division 

{(—Poor's  Division 

10— Learned's  Division 

11— American  Pickets 

12— British  Intreuchments 

13— American  Intreuchments 

14— Neilson  Place,  Poor's  and  Arnold's  (Quarters. 

15— Gates'  Headciuarters 

16— Bends  Tavern 

17— Bridge  of  Boats.  Americans 

18— Bridge  of  Boats,  British  


